姚鼐古文理論與《古文辭類纂》選文意識研究

本論文旨在研究姚鼐文學理論與其古文選本《古文辭類纂》的特色，並將二者合觀，探究理論與實務的結合應用，再透過文學與教學二大領域分析姚鼐的選文意識。全文凡六章，第一章緒論，泛論選本批評的意義、姚鼐古文理論與《古文辭類纂》的特色與價值，並說明研究動機、目的、方法，及相關研究情況。第二章姚鼐古文理論，共分成文學本源論、文學體裁論、文學創作論、文學風格論四節，其中包含相關理論溯源及分析姚鼐文論精髓，為後續研究《類纂》選文狀況與姚鼐選文意識的基礎。第三章《類纂》選文狀況與姚鼐文統觀，先統計《類纂》選文朝代、作家與文類的數量，透過客觀統計數據，推論姚鼐文統脈絡，再透過層層溯源驗證與具體描述姚鼐文統脈絡。第四章《類纂》批評狀況與特色，分別論述《類纂》篇目標圈、文句圈點、文字評論三種批評方式，透過統計法得出選文朝代、作者、文類的篇目標圈數量，歸納其特色，並對照他人的研究成果，分析姚鼐篇目標圈的意義；文句圈點則是透過重要作家的選文為例，分析姚鼐文句圈點的特色；文字評論則是以姚鼐文論的關鍵字為基礎，尋找相關的評論，分析姚鼐文字評論的特色。第五章姚鼐古文辭教材與教學法及其現代意義，立足於文學的基礎，再以教學的視角分析《類纂》為語文教材的價值，並探究姚鼐朗讀、閱讀、寫作三大教學法的意義，藉由合觀現行國語文教材與教法，彰顯其在語文教學上的價值與特色。第六章結論，分別從文學與教學二大層面，統整全文研究成果、省思未來研究展望，並歸納姚鼐在《類纂》所呈現的選文意識。透過本文爬梳姚鼐古文理論與《類纂》之後，歸納出姚鼐的文論、文派、文統、教學等觀念，即是呈現於《類纂》當中的選文意識。

關鍵字

姚鼐；《古文辭類纂》；古文理論；選文意識；語文教學

並列摘要

The study consists of 6 chapters, the first chapter discusses the rationale behind the proses selection, Yao Nai’s theory of ancient proses, and the features and value of the "Classified compendium of ancient-style prose and verse". The details of the research motivation, purpose, method, and research context will as well be given in this chapter. The second chapter, Yao Nai's theory of ancient prose, is divided into four sections: the literary origin theory, the literary genre theory, the literary creation theory, and the literary style theory. It includes relevant theory origins and the analysis of the essence of Yao Nai's literary theory, which becomes the foundation for the follow-up study of the proses selection analysis of "Classified compendium of ancient-style prose and verse" and the rationale behind Yao Nai's selection. The third chapter, the proses selection analysis of "Classified compendium of ancient-style prose and verse" and the overview of Yao Nai's conception, calculates the number of dynasties, writers, and genres in "Classified compendium of ancient-style prose and verse". Through objective statistical data, the study infers Yao Nai's conception and is further on verify by tracing back to different layers of origins, to form a detailed description. The fourth chapter, the criticism of "Classified compendium of ancient-style prose and verse" and its characteristics, discusses respectively the three criticism methods of "Classified compendium of ancient-style prose and verse", including article marking, sentence marking, and wording critics. Through the statistical analysis, the number of article marking within different dynasties, authors, and genres is acquired, from the results, we induce its characteristics and compare it with previous research, to analyze the significance behind Yao Nai’s article marking; The sentence marking section analyzes the characteristics of Yao Nai’s sentence marking through examples of selected essays by important writers; The wording critics section is based on keywords in Yao Nai’s literary theory, searching for relevant comments to analyze the characteristics of Yao Nai's wording critics. In the fifth chapter, textbooks of Yao Nai's ancient diction, teaching methods, and their contemporary significance, based on the foundation of literature, we analyze the value of "Classified compendium of ancient-style prose and verse" as a Chinese textbook from the perspective of education. This chapter explores the significance of Yao Nai's three teaching methods: reciting, reading, and writing. While reviewing the current Chinese textbooks and teaching methods, its value and characteristics in language teaching are highlighted. The sixth chapter, the conclusion, integrates the research outcomes from two aspects: literature and teaching. The chapter reflects the research prospects and summarizes Yao Nai's rationale behind the selection of proses in "Classified compendium of ancient-style prose and verse". Mining through Yao Nai's ancient prose theory and "Classified compendium of ancient-style prose and verse", this chapter concludes Yao Nai's concepts of literary theory, literary school, literary tradition, teaching...etc., thus presenting the prose selection rationales of "Classified compendium of ancient-style prose and verse".