家長工作條件對科系選擇過程的影響

The effect of parents' work condition in student's major selection course

陳巧宜(Chen Chiao-I)

指導教授 ： 張宜君

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/教育學系/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202201132

摘要

科系選擇作為青少年人生當中最重要的決定—影響未來的生活與職涯發展，過去科系選擇的研究主要圍繞於性別議題，指出學生會受到家庭、學校、心理因素影響選擇傳統性別科系。本研究試圖重探「家庭」對於學生科系選擇的影響。父母會以不同形式提供子女科系上的指導，奠基於大階級分類—中產階級、勞工階級上，雙親的教養模式、價值觀會因階級產生異質性。然，大階級的影響逐漸式微，「微階級」的概念隨之興起，同一階級所傳遞給下一代的資本更細緻的區分為該職業的特定能力。本文也以Melvin L. Kohn的相關理論為基礎，分析父母職業的工作條件，如何造成子女在科系選擇中的自主性、判斷力與自我導向性，探討相同階級的家長如何因為工作條件形成不同的價值觀，影響子女科系的選擇。本研究以半結構式訪談，訪談已完成科系選擇的高三生或是正在就讀大學一年的大學生，了解其於科系選擇時的過程，選擇該專業的原因，並連結於其父母的教養模式、工作條件，可以得出以下結論:現今性別因社會氛圍不再為科系選擇的主要原因，但仍具潛在影響力，分數制度的轉變也加重性別的分化。家長作為學生科系選擇意見的主要徵詢對象，雙親的職業位置也會有不一樣的效果，社經地位高者會主動提供較多的資源與意見，學生也會更聽信於雙親中社經地位高的一方，而勞工階級家庭的學生會依據自身的目標堅持，雙親所提供的意見不會有太多影響力。工作中的監督程度高低、工作內容也會影響子女在科系選擇時的自我導向、自主力、判斷力，雙親的職業為官僚體系或是創業體系，也會影響子女對於未來職涯的想法。子女也會有極大的程度繼承雙親的職業或是進到相關領域就讀，也很容易遵循雙親求學、就職的路徑。雙親的職涯經驗確實會對於子女的科系選擇造成影響，增加代際再製的可能性。

關鍵字

科系選擇 ； 科系選擇過程 ； 性別 ； 工作條件 ； 家長職業 ； 代際再製

並列摘要

Having effects on teenagers’ future careers and life paths, major selection is one of the most important things in their life. Most previous studies about major selection focused mainly on gender issues, pointing out that students will choose majors that are gender traditional due to influence from family, school, and mental factors. This study aims to reexamine the “family” factor that affects teenagers’ major selection. Most parents might give out advice on major selection based on their social classes. For the middle class and working class, the parenting styles and values vary. However, the rough social class divisions no longer serve the modern society, and a new model that includes more indicators has emerged. The capital passed down to the next generation within a social class was further divided based on different occupational abilities. Based on Melvin L. Kohn’s theories, this study analyzes how the parenting model is shaped by parents’ working conditions in different occupations, and how this affects teenagers’ autonomy, decision making, and self-guidance in selection of majors. A semi-structured interview is conducted in the research and the interviewers include twelfth-grade students that have finished their major selection process and college freshmen. The interview aims to understand the decision-making process of major selection, the reasons behind it, and the association between the decisions and their parents' parenting style and working conditions. The research shows that gender has the potential to influence major selection but is no longer the main factor due to the change in the social atmosphere. It also implies that change in the rating system aggravates gender differentiation. As the main consultant of teenagers on major selection, parents’ occupational status affects the outcome as well. Parents with higher socioeconomic status would be more active in providing resources and advice, and teenagers are more willing to follow the advice from parent who has higher socioeconomic status. As for working-class families, teenagers tend to follow their own personal goals rather than the opinions of their parents. Working conditions also affect teenagers’ self-direction, autonomy, and judgment on major selection. The business culture of a parent’s occupation, such as bureaucratic or entrepreneurial one, may also affect teenagers’ future career ideas. The research also suggests that there is a high tendency for teenagers to carry on their parents' careers or enter related study fields, teenagers tend to follow their parents’ educational and career paths. Teenagers’ major selection is indeed affected by the career experiences of their parents, and the chances of intergenerational replication might increase.

並列關鍵字

Major selection ； Major selection course ； Gender ； Work condition ； Parents' occupation ； Intergenerational replication

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