臺灣茶農對氣候變遷的識覺與調適行動—以新北坪林地區為例

Tea Farmer's perception and adaptive action to climate change: a case study of Pinglin, Taiwan

蔡欣妤(Tsai Hsin-Yu)

指導教授 ： 林冠慧

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/環境教育研究所/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202201346

摘要

由於人類活動過度發展，燃燒大量石化燃料，已造成全球氣候系統受到改變，而農業相較於其他產業更容易受到天氣條件影響，為避免氣候相關災難不能只靠政府或科技解決，農民作為農業活動的執行者，需要對農業系統不斷進行調整，以適應氣候變化相關風險。其中茶葉是臺灣重要經濟作物，在氣候變遷影響下已顯現眾多負面衝擊。
過去研究指出農民是否主動進行氣候變遷調適行動，取決於他們對氣候變遷的認知與極端天氣的風險識覺程度，故本研究欲探討茶農對於氣候變遷的識覺，以及識覺如何在個體性因素與外部性社會因素的影響下，影響調適行動。研究目的為瞭解不同茶農對氣候變遷識覺程度與調適行動間的關係，並以新北坪林地區茶農為研究對象。本研究從文獻回顧中建立氣候變遷心理識覺與調適行動模型，提出研究假設，並參考過去文獻建立問卷，在研究區進行隨機抽樣，透過統計軟體進行資料分析。研究將比較不同背景的茶農，對於氣候變遷的識覺是否符合實際觀測資料，以及他們的識覺和氣候變遷調適行動的關係如何受到個體與社會因素的影響。
本研究採隨機抽樣共蒐集176份有效問卷，研究結果顯示茶農個人的氣候變遷識覺、調適意圖與因應行動有相關，且個人的調適意圖表現越高在因應行動上也越積極，個人背景變項的農耕方法、年齡、耕種經驗、教育程度有顯著相關影響因應行動。並將個人天氣感受與觀測站比較後，結果顯示坪林茶農對於溫度感受比降雨更精準，且對冷熱天數比單純的溫度變化更精準。研究結果將有助於指引未來氣候變遷與農業發展相關研究與政策，更能有效回應農民對氣候變遷調適行動的需求。

關鍵字

氣候變遷 ； 農業 ； 氣候變遷識覺 ； 調適意圖 ； 因應行動

並列摘要

Excessive human development and the burning of a large amount of fossil fuels has accelerated climate change caused by global warming. Compared with other industries, agriculture is more susceptible to weather conditions. The farmers need to adapt to climate change and related risks, and in doing so their actions will directly influence regional agriculture development instead of relying solely on government or technology solutions. Tea cultivation is a major cash crop in Taiwan, but the industry is suffering heavy losses due to climate changes.
Past studies have pointed out that whether farmers take the adaptation to climate change depends on their perceptions of climate change and the degree of risk perceptions of extreme weather. Therefore, this study will investigate the perceptions of tea farmers about climate change and how perceptions affect adaptation actions under the influence of individual factors and external factors. The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between different tea farmers' perceptions of climate change and their adaptation actions in Pinglin. This study established a climate change psychological perception and adaptive action model from literature review, proposed research hypotheses, and established a questionnaire with reference to past literatures. A random sample was taken from the study area, and the data analysis was conducted using statistical software. This study will compare tea farmers from different backgrounds, whether their perceptions of climate change are consistent with actual observations, and how their perceptions and climate change adaptation actions are affected by individual and social factors.
In this study, a total of 176 valid questionnaires were collected by random sampling. The results showed that the perceptions of climate change and adjustment intention of individual tea farmers were related to adaptive action. The farming method, ages, farming experience, and education level were significantly related to the response actions. After comparing personal weather perception with the observation station, the results show that Pinglin tea farmers are more accurate in temperature perception than rainfall, and more accurate in hot and cold days than simple temperature changes. In light of these results, future research and policies related to climate change and agricultural development can be formulated in a way that will better align with farmers' needs for climate change adaptation.

並列關鍵字

climate change ； agriculture ； perception ； intention ； adaptive action

參考文獻

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