優秀游泳選手生涯規劃：同盟關係觀點

隨著競技的水準提升，教練與選手相處的關係品質也越來越重要，教練與選手必須設定欲達成之目標、相互理解彼此的工作與任務，並且共同面對問題、解決問題，本研究以教練選手同盟關係為出發點，探討教練與選手間的互動關係模式，如何實際影響選手的生涯適應與生涯轉換之情形。本研究係以質性研究的角度，針對國內優秀游泳教練以及其曾指導過的選手進行深度訪談，透過瞭解教練與選手的相處情況，以及對選手們的生涯適應與生涯轉換之規劃，並參照實際訪談的情形進行內容分析，探究教練選手同盟關係對生涯適應與生涯轉換之影響。研究結果顯示:一、教練會將目標分為學業目標與競技目標，並依據選手特質的不同給予符合其能力的任務分配，而教練與選手雙方皆能在追尋共同目標中獲得成就感。二、教練會先與選手共同關注未來想從事的領域，並讓選手為自己的升學做決定，若選手想從事非體育相關領域會充分表現對生涯的好奇心，反之亦然；相較於教練充分相信選手，選手對生涯信心則較為缺乏。三、在運動階段，教練會自我充實、與各領域人才合作，提供選手們優質的訓練環境；心理發展階段，教練不僅關心現役選手，也時常透過通訊軟體聯繫畢業生的情感；在心理社會階段，選手與教練一直以來關係都亦師亦友，即便選手畢業多年都能保持良好互動；學業階段或職業發展能提供幫助的不僅只有教練，畢業的學長也能提供大量協助為學弟們解惑。針對研究結果提出實務面建議，教練在為選手進行生涯輔導時能主動關心選手近況、建立其自信心，並與畢業生共同協助在校選手之生涯發展；未來研究建議可與不同理論模式比對，並擴大研究樣本，使未來研究更為完備。

關鍵字

生涯適應；生涯轉換；教練選手關係；雙重生涯

並列摘要

With the development of sports performance, the quality of the relationship between coach and athlete is becoming more and more important. Coaches and athletes must set on goals, agreement the tasks, and accomplished the tasks to achieve the goals, This study is based on coach-athlete working alliance, discuss the interaction between coaches and athletes how to influence athletes career adaptation and career transition. From the perspective qualitative research, this study applied in-depth interview with domestic excellent swimming coaches and the athletes they have coached. By understanding the relationship between coaches and athletes, as well as planning of athletes career adaptation and career transition, and analyzing the content of the interviews, explores the influence of the coach-athlete working alliance on career adaptation and career transition. The results of the study are as follows：(1) The coach will divide the goals into competitive goal and goal college entrance goal, and assign tasks to different athletes according to their abilities, coach and the athletes can feel a sense of achievement in pursuing the common goal. (2) The coach will pay attention with the athletes to focus on the career they want to work in in the future at first, and let the athletes make their decision for college, If athletes want to engage in non-sports field, they will fully show their curiosity about the careers they interested and vice versa; Compared with coaches who believe in athletes, athletes lack confidence in their careers. (3) In athletic level, the coach will enrich himself, cooperate with talents in various fields, and provide the athletes with a high-quality training environment; In psychological level, coaches not only care about active athletes, but also contact graduates through in communication software; In psychosocial level, the relationship between the athletes and the coach like a teacher as well as a friend, the athletes can maintain a good interaction even they are graduate; In academic vocational level, It is not only the coach who can help, but the graduates can also provide a lot of assistance to solve the doubts of their junior brother. Based on the conclusions of this study practical suggestions, Coaches can take the initiative to care about the athletes situation, build self-confidence, and cooperate with graduates to assist the career development of student athletes; The suggestion for future research can compare with different theoretical models, and expand research sample to make future research more completely.