晚明天主降生故事的在地重現：艾儒略之敘事、圖像、神思的三重視野

Reconstructing the Story of the Incarnation in Late Ming China: Giulio Aleni's Narratives, Images and Hermeneutics of Jesus Christ

金韋萱(Chin Wei-Shiuan)

指導教授 ： 潘鳳娟

國立臺灣師範大學/國際與社會科學學院/東亞學系/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202201707

摘要

本研究探討晚明耶穌會士艾儒略（Giulio Aleni, 1582-1649）名下三文本的關係：《天主降生言行紀畧》（1635）[以下簡稱：《紀畧》]、《天主降生言行紀像》（1637）[以下簡稱：《紀像》]與《天主降生引義》（ca. 1640）[以下簡稱：《引義》]。三文本分別從敘事、圖像及神思的角度說明基督降生的內容。目前學界對於《紀像》的研究多聚焦於其與底本的比較，即西班牙耶穌會士納達爾（Jerónimo Nadal, 1507-1580）的《福音故事圖像》（Evangelicae Historiae Imagines, 1593），較未關注其與《紀畧》的圖文關係。此外，關於《引義》的研究甚少，仍有許多開發空間。筆者則擬透過比較前述艾儒略名下的三本書，分析他如何在晚明中國重現天主降生故事。本研究發現，《紀像》透過合併多重圖像、添加中國符號、重整故事結構使歐洲文本以中國面容再生，並與《紀畧》對話。《引義》則揭示了神學要理，其與《紀畧》分別代表著預言與應驗，如舊約先知書與新約四福音書，最終透過得救的相關討論邀請中國讀者進入天主降生故事。總結而言，《紀畧》、《紀像》與《引義》三而一地，在中國共同重構了天主降生的故事。

關鍵字

艾儒略 ； 《天主降生言行紀畧》 ； 《天主降生言行紀像》 ； 《天主降生引義》 ； 跨文化翻譯 ； 圖文關係

並列摘要

This study investigates the three books published by the Jesuit Giulio Aleni (1582-1649) in late Ming China: Narratives of a Brief Record of the Words and Deeds of the Incarnation (天主降生言行紀畧, Tianzhu Jiangsheng Yanxing Jilüe, 1635)[Henceforth: Jilüe], Images of a Brief Record of the Words and Deeds of the Incarnation (天主降生言行紀像, Tianzhu Jiansheng Yanxing Jixiang, 1637)[ Henceforth: Jixiang] and Introduction to the Incarnation of the Lord of Heaven (天主降生引義, Tianzhu Jiansheng Yinyi, ca. 1640)[ Henceforth: Yinyi]. These publications demonstrated the Incarnation from the aspects of narrative, image and hermeneutic. Most of the research on Jixiang has focused on the comparison between the Chinese edition and its master copy, Images of Evangelical History (Evangelicae Historiae Imagines,1593), and has paid less attention to the picture-text relationship between Jixiang and Jilüe. Additionally, there are few studies on Yinyi, which still remains much room for development. The purpose of this investigation is to compare the three books and analyze how Aleni recreated the story of the Incarnation in late Ming China. In the conclusion of this thesis, the author explains that in Jixiang Aleni reconstructed the story of Christ by applying several methods, including combining different images, sinicizing European symbols, reforming the story structure, and thereby drawing the images of the Incarnation closer to Chinese audience, as well as correlating Jixiang with Jilüe. As for Yinyi, it introduced the doctrine of the Incarnation thoroughly, and it and Jilüe represented prophecy and fulfillment respectively, like the Prophets and the Gospels. In the end, Yinyi discussed about salvation to invite Chinese readers into the story of the Incarnation. To summarize, Jilüe, Jixiang and Yinyi are unique Chinese publications as three aspects of one story.

並列關鍵字

Giulio Aleni ； Tianzhu Jiangsheng Yanxing Jilüe ； Tianzhu Jiansheng Yanxing Jixiang ； Tianzhu Jiansheng Yinyi ； Cross-cultural translation ； Picture-text Relation

參考文獻

一、傳統文獻

Le Chartreux, Ludolphe. 1860. Vie de N. S. Jésus-Christ, traduite nouvellement sur le texte latin. 2e édition précédée d’une introduction par M. l’abbé Mermillod. Paris: B. Duprat.

Nadal, Jerome. translated and edited by Frederick A. Homann. 2003-2007. Annotations and Meditations on the Gospels, Philadelphia: Saint Joseph’s University Press.

Nadal, Jerónimo. 1593. Evangelicae Historiae Imagines. Antuerpiae: Societas Iesu. 收錄於Getty Research Institute. https://archive.org/details/evangelicaehisto00pass (accessed June 10, 2022).

艾儒略，《天主降生引義》1640年極西艾思及先生原本，收錄於法國國家圖書館，編號為Chinois 6894。https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b9006336t/f4.image (accessed June 25, 2022).