游移的邊界與地方社會的發展─以臺中新社地區水底寮為例

本文以新社地區水底寮為研究個案，試圖釐清一個長期位處於邊界最前緣的國家邊區，其地方社會形成的歷史歷程。並且，面對族群、政治、經濟與社會面向的變遷，地方社會又是如何因應與調整。　　經本研究發現，乾隆30年代中部軍工寮的東遷，開啟了漢人界外私墾熱潮，同時亦導致界外人群複雜化。起初，官方考量到隘番招佃墾耕界外，除有助於彌補其口糧，亦能保護軍工匠採料之安全，故選擇採默許態度。不過，如此決定也令界外面臨失序的風險。林爽文事件後，新興入墾的粵人由於在事件期間積極參與平亂，藉此取得「社丁」或「義民」身分，因而逐漸取代漳泉籍漢人，成為中部沿山拓墾主力。儘管水底寮在番屯制施行後，正式被納入界內，成為屯丁養贍埔地，但界外原住民的威脅與地方自然環境的限制（缺乏水資源）仍無法使地方聚落有顯著的發展。　　19世紀末葉，隨著沿山產業的興起，以及開山撫番政策的確立，水底寮搖身成為重要的山區產業集散地，可是原墾佃擁有的土地卻在新政的執行下受到地方有力士紳的強行收購，以致於原居粵人未能發展出自身的在地信仰。直至日治時期邊區隘勇線的推進，有力士紳勢力的退去，地方家族經濟能力的提升，地方公廟的出現也象徵聚落人群被有效統合。

關鍵字

新社；水底寮；軍工寮；界外私墾；樟腦產業；地方社會；地方公廟

並列摘要

This thesis takes the Shuidiliao in the Hsinshe as a case study, tries to clarify the historical process of the formation of a local society in a border area of a country that has been at the forefront of the border for a long time. Additionally, faced with changes in ethnic, political, economic and social dimensions, how does the local society respond and adjust. This thesis found that the eastward relocation of the military-industrial camps in the central part of Qianlong in the 1930s started a boom in private cultivation by the Han people outside the world, and it also complicated the population outside the world. At first, the officials considered that in addition to helping supplement their food rations, the officials chose to acquiesce to the safety of military craftsmen. However, such a decision also puts the outside world at risk of disorder. After the Lin Shuang-wen Revolt, the new Cantonese people who entered the reclamation area gradually replaced the Han people from Zhangquan and became the main force in the reclamation along the mountains in the central part, because they actively participated in the quelling of the chaos during the incident and obtained the status of " Charity Ferry " or " Yi-min". Although Shuidiliao was officially incorporated into the territory after the implementation of the Pantun System, it became the village's sanctuary area, but the threat of the aborigines outside the territory and the limitation of the local natural environment (lack of water resources) still could not enable the local settlement to develop significantly . At the end of the 19th century, with the rise of the industry along the mountain and the establishment of the Fufan policy of opening up the mountain, Shuidiliao became an important industrial distribution center in the mountainous area, but the land owned by the original reclamation tenant was forced by local powerful gentry under the implementation of the New Deal. acquisition, so that the original Cantonese people failed to develop their own local beliefs. Until the advance of the Ai-Yong Line in the border area during the Japanese occupation, the retreat of the powerful gentry, the improvement of the economic capacity of local families, and the appearance of local public temples also symbolized the effective integration of the settlement people.