清代臺灣「保」的空間劃分：以淡水廳芝蘭保為例

The “Bao” Regional Division of Taiwan in Qing Dynasty–A Case Study of the Tamsui T’ing Zhilan Bao

鄭竣元(Cheng Jyun-yuan)

指導教授 ： 陳志豪

國立臺灣師範大學/文學院/臺灣史研究所/碩士(2023年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202300174

摘要

日治初期繪製的〈臺灣堡圖〉沿用了清代縣級政府以下的非正式行政空間——「堡」，作為治理的基礎。本文從空間的角度切入，分析清代縣級以下「保」的行政區劃，對地方行政的運作的重要性，藉此回答為何日治初期即以「堡」作為行政基礎。
本文首先利用清初南臺灣保甲的記錄，說明政權交替後縣級以下行政的延續。再以彰化縣為例，說明帝國增設廳縣後，如何透過「以保統庄」來建立新的基層行政空間。並以位於於大肚臺地東西側的猫霧拺保作為案例，藉其析分的過程，初步了解保甲制度在新的行政空間，以及番社之間，如何變通適應。接著以淡水廳芝蘭保作為個案，利用清代的契約文書為基礎，以地理資訊系統（GIS）來分析、呈現「保」的具體變化，意即芝蘭保分化為芝蘭一保、芝蘭二保、芝蘭三保與金包里保的變動過程，及其所蘊含的社會意義。
本研究釐清清代彰化縣與淡水廳下保的行政空間變動的過程。藉由淡水廳芝蘭保的個案分析中，發現保的空間析分與承包縣衙行政業務的地方墾戶有關。此外，在十九世紀開始出現以土字部首來書寫「堡」，係因道光年間清庄聯甲的實施，造成保開始成為具有軍事防禦性質的區域聯防的「堡」。堡空間的界線，在清末劉銘傳清丈後，被確立下來。進而影響日治初期日本殖民政府來臺，選擇以「堡」做為縣級以下的行政基礎。

關鍵字

保甲 ； 行政區劃 ； 臺灣堡圖 ； 臺灣里堡圖 ； 簡明總括圖冊

並列摘要

The " Taiwan Hōzu maps " mapped in the early period of Japanese rule adopted the " Bao （保）" of informal administrative space below the county government in the Qing Dynasty as the basis of governance. From the perspective of space, this paper analyzes the importance of the administrative division of "bao" below the county level to the operation of local administration in Qing Taiwan to answer the question of why "Bao" was taken as the administrative basis in the early period of Japanese rule.
First,This paper uses the records of Baojia（保甲） in Southern Taiwan in the early Qing Dynasty to explain the continuation of administration below the county level after the change of political power. Second, taking Changhua County （彰化縣）as an example, it explains how to use the Bao ruling village（以保統庄） to establish the new administrative space at the basic level after the establishment of the new office county. Then, taking the Babusa Bao （猫霧拺保）located on the east and west sides of Dadu tableland （大肚臺地）as a case study, we learn how the Baojia system adapted to the new administrative space and the aborigines tribe through the differentiation process. Third, take Tamsui T 'ing Zhilan Bao as a case, and use the contract documents of Qing Dynasty as the basis to analyze and present the specific changes of "Bao" with GIS. It means that Zhilan Bao is divided into Zhilan 1st Bao, Zhilan 2nd Bao, Zhilan 3rd Bao and Jinbaoli Bao（金包里保） and its social significance.
This study clarified the process of Bao administrative space change under Changhua County and Tamsui T 'ing in Qing Dynasty. Based on the case study of Tamsui T 'ing Zhilan Bao, it is found that the spatial division of Bao is related to the local land-owner（墾戶）who contracts the administrative business of county Yamen（縣衙）. In addition, in the 19th century, the Chinese character " Bao（堡）" began to be written with the radicals of "tu（土）".It was due to the implementation of cleansing villages and linked jias（清庄聯甲） during the Daoguang's reign that" Bao （保）" began to become a " Bao（堡）" with military defense and regional joint defense. The boundary of " Bao " space was established after Liu Mingchuan（劉銘傳）'s land survey in late Qing Taiwan, which influenced the Japanese colonial government to choose " Bao（堡）" as the administrative basis below the county level at the beginning of its rule.

並列關鍵字

baojia ； administrative divisions ； Taiwan Hōzu maps ； Administrative map of Taiwan Island ； Simplified Overall Chart-register

參考文獻

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