勞基法第11條行使解僱權事由之研究

解僱為雇主單方面對勞工發動權之行使，為雇主可採取之手段中最嚴厲之一種，而其所涉及的，在勞工方面是經濟生活基礎的保障，在資方雇主方面為契約自由原則之考量，或稱經濟性考量，基於兩種利益之下，究竟達何種程度方為均衡恰當? 雇主解僱權之行使在國際間均設有或寬或嚴之限制，我國對雇主發動行使解僱權規定在勞動基準法第11條，該條採正當事由說之立法，換句話說只有該當違反勞基法規定之法定事由時，雇主方能發動行使解僱權。本文以相關文獻及司法案例作探討，以找出我國企業主在發動經濟性解僱權或行使解僱權之爭議。本文根據司法判例分析發現，企業解僱勞工雖然依據勞動基準法第11條及第12條所規定之法定事由發動行使解僱權，但由於迄今並無一致合理的解僱標準，企業只選擇對其有利的法條依據，仍引起勞資糾紛頻繁，對少數勞工工作權及生活保障尚有待強化。本文建議訂定勞基法第11條各款合理一致的解僱標準，並參考德、日等國解僱權之程序合法及最後手段性原則，以均衡企業與勞工權益。

關鍵字

勞基法第11條；契約自由原則；行使解僱權；經濟性解僱權；合理一致；最後手段性原則

並列摘要

Dismissal is an act that an employer unilaterally exercises the right against labors, which is one of the strictest measures employers can take. At the aspect of labor, economy, livelihood and protection are closely intertwined. At the aspect of employees, the principle of contractual freedom, or so-called economic consideration, is appropriately considered. Based on the interests of these two aspects, to what extent, can a proper balance be attained? Limitations on employers’ exercise of the dismissal right are set internationally either in looseness or strictness. In Taiwan, employers take the initiative to exercise the dismissal right in accordance with the provisions of Article 11th of the Labor Standard Law. Such an Article refers to the legislation of the just cause; in other words, unless the statutory provisions of the law is violated, the employer shall not exercise the dismissal right. The relevant literature and judicial cases are used in this paper to find out the disputes, while business owners are dealing with the economic dismissal or the exercise of the dismissal right. Based on the analysis of judicial precedents, the findings in this paper show that even though the enterprise lays off workers in accordance with the stipulations of Article 11 and Article 12 of the Labor Standard Law in exercise of their power of dismissal, there are still no reasonable or consistent dismissal standards so far. Consequently, the enterprise just chooses their favors by law. It therefore still causes frequent labor disputes. There is still much room to strengthen the labor right and living support for certain laborers. In the paper, the author gives proposals to set up reasonable and consistent dismissal standards within each items of Article 11 of the Labor Standard Law as well as in reference with the disposal procedures made in Germany and Japan in compliance with legality the principle of last resort to balance the rights and interests between the enterprises and labor.

並列關鍵字

Labor Law Article 11 ； Principle of Contractual freedom ； Exercise of the Dismissal right ； Economic dismissal right ； Reasonable and Consistent ； Principle of last resort