本文中探討了兩種監測系統與兩種解算軟體之間的比較,並提出了以e-GPS系統中虛擬參考站取代監測作業中所必須架設的實體GPS基準站的概念。並且除了使用GPS全球定位系統進行監測作業外,更配合雨量計、傾斜儀及地下水位計…等其他主動式感測儀器之資料,輔助判斷該處邊坡滑動位移之情況。使用上述多種儀器設備進行邊坡滑動之監測,其主要目的在於達成全天候、無人、自動化監測與預警邊坡滑動之目的,以確保用路人之行車安全。 本研究主要使用GPS全球定位系統,應用於國道三號85.6 km處之邊坡滑動監測,並且使用e-GPS系統與ㄧ機多天線GPS形變系統進行監測作業,藉此比較二者不同系統在邊坡滑動的監測作業上之優劣。資料處理方面則是將一機多天線GPS形變系統之數據資料,使用TGO v1.5軟體與MaGMS v2.32軟體分別進行解算,以了解使用不同的解算軟體是否會存在著明顯的差異量。 根據研究成果中顯示,目前邊坡的平面位移情形是以每個月接近一公分的滑移速度朝向東南方進行滑動,在高程位移情形則有受擠壓後造成向上方隆起的情況出現,而整體邊坡的滑動方向是筆直的朝向國道三號推進,這也說明了此處邊坡確實對於國道三號高速公路的行車安全有著其隱藏性的威脅。在精度比較的部份則是以一機多天線系統的N方向0.18 cm、E方向0.25 cm、h方向0.57 cm的精度優於靜態相對定位所解算的N方向0.29 cm、E方向0.44 cm、h方向1.01 cm以及e-GPS系統的N方向1.44 cm、E方向1.51 cm、h方向2.96 cm的精度。雖然使用e-GPS系統擁有施測迅速以及費用較經濟…等優點,但其精度顯示此系統只適用於擁有較大位移量的監測作業上。
In this study, two monitoring systems and two calculating softwares were compared and virtual reference station of e-GPS system was proposed to instead of the “real” GPS reference station for monitoring. Moreover, the data from GPS, rain gauge, inclinometer and water table meter were utilized to analysis the movement of the landslide. The goal of the multi-sensor monitoring is to construct an automatic early warning system and to make sure the safety of the drivers. The GPS technology was applied on the landslide monitoring at 85.6 km of the Formosa Freeway. Two kinds of systems including e-GPS and multi-antenna GPS were utilized for the three-dimensional deformation monitoring to compare the advantage and disadvantage of these two methods. When it came to the data processing, the TGO v1.5 software and MaGMS v2.32 software were employed to compute the GPS data obtained by multi-antenna GPS monitoring system. This analysis was to confirm the positioning precision when using different software. The landslide was moved averagely 1 cm per month to the east-south direction. Furthermore, it was crumpled and raised in the height direction. This landslide was moved slowly to the Formosa Freeway and menaced the safety of the drivers. When it came to the precision comparison, the positioning precision of multi-antenna GPS (0.18 cm, 0.25 cm and 0.57 cm in the north, east and height direction, respectively) was better than that of static relative positioning (0.29 cm, 0.44 cm and 1.01 cm in the north, east and height direction, respectively) and that of e-GPS technology (1.44 cm, 1.51 cm and 2.96 cm in the north, east and height direction, respectively). Although the e-GPS technology was a fast and economic method, the result presented that this system was only suitable for the large-movement monitoring.