太陽光電系統陣列防風擾流板的配置分析

本文使用AutoCAD分別建構對應於地面型、屋頂型及水域浮動式太陽光電系統陣列的二維與三維模型，結合計算流體動力學(CFD)軟體的模擬分析，探討防風擾流板與模組第一排陣列不同的間距對模組陣列的防風效果，並找出最佳效果的間距配置。由於太陽光電系統模組陣列串接的長度遠遠大於模組本身的長度，在風向與模組陣列排面垂直的狀態下，整個系統與風呈現二維的交互作用，因此本文的探討以二維模擬分析為主。在模擬系統的網格設定分析中，結果顯示模組陣列附近的空間必須做網格局部加密，以避免模組背面(下方)的紊流對整體模組作用力的評估造成影響。分析也發現模組在擾流板的遮蔽下，氣流被引導往下繞過擾流板後產生分離的現象，使模組背面受分離氣流加速通過的影響，產生吸力效應相對地降低了將模組上抬的升力。以60m/s的風速模擬強烈颱風的吹襲，結果顯示裝設擾流板的地面型模組陣列能夠降低將近70%的風壓，且只需要在受風影響最嚴重的陣列第一排架設擾流板即可減少氣流對後排模組的影響。擾流板與地面型系統第一排陣列對不同間距的模擬結果顯示，擾流板與第一排陣列間距為35cm時可最有效降低強陣風對模組衝擊。水面浮動式系統因模組橫置擺放，且傾斜角更低，擾流板隨之縮短，因此水域型系統其擾流板與第一排陣列間的最佳間距為17.5cm。至於平屋頂型系統，結果顯示只要系統遠離屋頂角隅，在下風處的整體系統是處於低風速擾流區，沒有向上的抬升力，而是受渦流作用對模組正面形成下壓的力，所以整體系統是安全的。因此，在平地架設的地面型或水面的浮動型系統因缺少建築物的導引氣流，有必要加裝防風擾流板來保護系統。

關鍵字

計算流體動力學；擾流板；升力；拖曳力；太陽光電模組陣列

並列摘要

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional CAD models corresponding to the ground-type, roof-type, and floating solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays were constructed and simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to investigate the windproof effects on the PV arrays by adding wind spoilers and determine their optimized spacing arrangement. It is known that the length of the solar photovoltaic system module array is much longer than the length of the module itself, the entire system and the wind exhibit a two-dimensional interaction when the wind direction is perpendicular to the PV array. Therefore, the analysis in this article mainly focuses on two-dimensional simulation results. The grid setting analysis shows that the region near the module array must be locally densified to obtain more exact force due to the turbulence on the back (below) of the module in the evaluation of the overall force on the array. It is found the airflow can be guided downwards to pass the spoiler, and the separated flow causes a suction effect to reduce total lift force on the module. The wind speed of 60m/s refers to a strong typhoon is applied in all simulations. The results show that the ground-type PV array with spoiler can reduce the wind pressure by nearly 70%, and the rear part of PV array can be protected as the first row of the array were installed the spoiler. Simulation results with different spacings between the spoiler and the first row of the ground-based system show that the spacing length with 35cm can most effectively reduce the impact of strong gusts on the module. The optimized spacing between the spoiler and the first row of water floating PV array is 17.5cm since the module tilt angle is smaller and the spoiler is shorter. As for the flat roof-type system, it is found that the overall system is in a low wind speed zone where without upward lifting force but only a downward pressure on the module as the system far away from the corners of the roof. Therefore, ground-type or water floating systems must install wind-proof spoilers to protect themselves since there is no building to guide the airflow.