國中小學務系統導入模式之研究

隨著資訊化時代來臨，各項資訊科技的使用深刻影響組織運作，不僅競爭激烈的商業機構如此，學校教育機關也不能置身事外。政府推動電子化政策，於校園導入許多資訊科技系統，其中應用最廣泛的便是學務系統。然基於經費、人力和尊重各縣市、學校專業自主權考量，各縣市各校做法不盡相同，過去研究亦較為忽略其不同系統採用方式給及該系統之導入模式所帶來的成效得失。因此本研究先輔以企業界成熟的ERP系統導入過程之實務經驗為範本，整理ASAP、AIM、BIM、Workflow ERP和國內學者所提系統導入之模式為參考，審視校園導入學務系統的流程與企業界的系統導入彼此間的成效差異，進而採個案研究法，以自行購買付費軟體系統、自行使用自由軟體系統以及縣教育局主導全縣統一使用系統等三種不同導入模式為研究個案，進行質性研究，採取個案訪談法，訪談對象為與導入事務相關之教育主管機關人員、校內行政人員、教師和廠商共22人。本研究結論如下：1.三個案其導入動機和後續使用動機都是基於上級機關和政策要求，學校個案代表的使用者多有被動參與之感受，使學校成員不易對系統功能提出真正的需求。2.學校導入系統之關鍵，在於上級教育主管機關的支持。首先，學務系統可隨時配合教育政策進行調整改變；再者，教育主管當局成立採購、資訊等專業人才之導入專案小組，可協助學校在最快速的時間內應用系統；最後，由教育主管當局訓練種子教師，再至各校內推廣，可幫助第一線教育現場教職員充分了解系統的角色功能，溝通反映上下的意見，對施行方向進行修正調整。3.付費系統和自由軟體皆需要使用者直接參與規劃設計。本研究之系統宜貼近現今教育發展脈動，促使系統發揮最大效益，完全配合使用者現場工作特性和所需。4.宜建立更適合學校情境之導入模式。學校與企業立基點和目標不同，需考量其特殊組織結構與文化，建立新模式。根據上述結論，本研究提出實務上的建議：1.統籌規劃建置學務系統軟體，供學校使用；2.成立專門小組，負責協助學校導入事宜；3增加對學務系統管理者與使用者的教育訓練程度；學校教育人員則需強化本身的資訊能力並提高自身使用學務系統的意願與機會；4.對學務系統的使用情形，未來則應進行全面質與量並重的調查。隨著資訊化時代來臨，各項資訊科技的使用深刻影響組織運作，不僅競爭激烈的商業機構如此，學校教育機關也不能置身事外。政府推動電子化政策，於校園導入許多資訊科技系統，其中應用最廣泛的便是學務系統。然基於經費、人力和尊重各縣市、學校專業自主權考量，各縣市各校做法不盡相同，過去研究亦較為忽略其不同系統採用方式給及該系統之導入模式所帶來的成效得失。因此本研究先輔以企業界成熟的ERP系統導入過程之實務經驗為範本，整理ASAP、AIM、BIM、Workflow ERP和國內學者所提系統導入之模式為參考，審視校園導入學務系統的流程與企業界的系統導入彼此間的成效差異，進而採個案研究法，以自行購買付費軟體系統、自行使用自由軟體系統以及縣教育局主導全縣統一使用系統等三種不同導入模式為研究個案，進行質性研究，採取個案訪談法，訪談對象為與導入事務相關之教育主管機關人員、校內行政人員、教師和廠商共22人。本研究結論如下：1.三個案其導入動機和後續使用動機都是基於上級機關和政策要求，學校個案代表的使用者多有被動參與之感受，使學校成員不易對系統功能提出真正的需求。2.學校導入系統之關鍵，在於上級教育主管機關的支持。首先，學務系統可隨時配合教育政策進行調整改變；再者，教育主管當局成立採購、資訊等專業人才之導入專案小組，可協助學校在最快速的時間內應用系統；最後，由教育主管當局訓練種子教師，再至各校內推廣，可幫助第一線教育現場教職員充分了解系統的角色功能，溝通反映上下的意見，對施行方向進行修正調整。3.付費系統和自由軟體皆需要使用者直接參與規劃設計。本研究之系統宜貼近現今教育發展脈動，促使系統發揮最大效益，完全配合使用者現場工作特性和所需。4.宜建立更適合學校情境之導入模式。學校與企業立基點和目標不同，需考量其特殊組織結構與文化，建立新模式。根據上述結論，本研究提出實務上的建議：1.統籌規劃建置學務系統軟體，供學校使用；2.成立專門小組，負責協助學校導入事宜；3增加對學務系統管理者與使用者的教育訓練程度；學校教育人員則需強化本身的資訊能力並提高自身使用學務系統的意願與機會；4.對學務系統的使用情形，未來則應進行全面質與量並重的調查。

關鍵字

導入環境；學務系統； ERP系統；導入模式

並列摘要

With an era of informationization coming, using technology influences operation of organizations deeply. Not only the keen competitive enterprises but also schools are in this situation. The government promotes the policy of E-government; therefore it implements many information technology systems to schools. The school affairs system is the most important system of all. However, because of funds, manpower, and decision-making power of schools, the implementation model of each county is different. And researchers ignore this before. The study tries to use enterprises that apply information technology systems as a great and mature model for schools. Collating ASAP, AIM, BIM, Workflow ERP, and the famous scholar made a model for reference. According to the reference model, we can check the process of schools ushering in school affairs system to see if it is as competitive as the process of enterprises. In this study, the three cases are totally different. One buys the payware by itself, another uses the School Free Software by itself, the other uses systems according to indications of county education bureau. Researcher took the case study method and conducted depth-interviews with people who have relations with the system implementation, such as the administrative staff, teachers, and the software dealer. Research results can be summarized as following：1. The three cases have the same motive to usher in and operate a new information technology system. The motive of schools ushering this system bases on legal regulations. Users are asked to operate this system and they may not realize it clearly. 2. The key success factor of schools usher in a new information technology system bases on the support from the education administration. There are three reasons: First, the system can adjust itself to education policies anytime. Secondly, a task force of technical experts should be composed by the education administration to help schools are proficient in operating the system. Lastly, major teachers should be trained by the education administration, and then they can promote the system to other teachers directly and clearly. And they can express opinions to different echelons. 3. Both payware and School Free Software need to be desighed directly by users. This way can be sure that systems can meet the needs of users with their administrative affairs. It makes functions of systems can be bringing into full play. 4. Set up an implementation model which is more suitable for schools. This is because the goal and the foundation of schools and enterprises are totally different; therefore it is necessary to consider the special construction and culture of schools. According to the results, this study proposes practical suggestions: 1. Overall planning to build student affairs system software, for use in schools; 2. set up a special team responsible for assisting schools into matters; 3. to increase student affairs system administrators and users education and training levels; school education professionals should strengthen their capabilities and improve their information service system using the school wishes and opportunities; 4. for Academic Affairs system usage, the future should be to conduct a comprehensive survey of both quality and quantity.