縣市政府橋梁檢測之品質保證作業探討

政府為確保民眾通行之安全，自民國93年(2004)起，交通部(Ministry of transportation and communication)與內政部(Ministry of the Interior)聯名共同辦理縣市政府「橋梁維護管理作業評鑑」，用以提升橋梁管養的品質，但因橋梁管養作業十分繁複、專業性高、散佈範圍廣，主管機關以有限的人力常面臨查驗不易的難處。再者，各縣市橋梁維護管理承辦人員，常需兼顧其它業務，人員流動性大，經驗傳承不易。部分民選首長也不一定支持，因此橋梁維護管理業務成效，難以短期彰顯。為解決此問題，交通部乃指示縣市政府辦理橋梁檢測作業同時，應建立必要之品質管制(Quality Control, QC)、品質保證(Quality Assurance,QA)、外部稽核(AUDIT)制度。用以確保橋梁基本資料、檢測及維修資料之正確性。在此三級作業方式中，品質管制由顧問公司負責、品質保證由縣市政府自辦或委辦、外部稽核由財團法人中華顧問工程司(China Engineering Consultants, INC.)會同交通部運輸研究所(Institute of transportation, MOTC)一同辦理。此一分工作業方式於民國102年起全面實施。本研究是針對「品質保證(QA)」部分進行案例探討，內容包括抽驗橋梁挑選方式、計算基本資料詳實度、計算檢測資料詳實度、評估檢測廠商所建議非破壞檢測項目之適用性，及評估建議維修補強項目、工法及經費之合理性，期待透過本文案例探討，能達到橋梁檢測作業品質的提升。

關鍵字

橋梁維護管理、品質管制(QC)、品質保證(QA)、外部稽核(AUDIT)、基本資料詳實度、檢測資料詳實度、橋梁檢測

並列摘要

Since 2004, the Ministry of Transportation and Communication and the Ministry of the Interior have jointly conducted the ‘bridge maintenance management operations evaluation”to ensure public safety and in enhancing the quality of bridge quality maintenance. Bridge maintenance operations are extremely complicated. With a wide spread of physical bridge locations and high levels of expertise required, authorities are often inhibited by the limitations of personnel where difficulties in bridge identification are often confronted. Furthermore, county and city council personnel often need to attend to other duties. As a result, staff turnover is high which leads to difficulties in skills transfer. In order to alleviate this issue, the county and city governments indicatesthe necessity for quality control (QC), quality assurance (QA) and an external auditing arrangement in regards to bridge inspection operations. To ensure the maintenance of basic bridge maintenance data, the inspection and maintenance operations should be of an accurate standard. Three levels of operation methods exist –QC undertaken by external consultants, QA run by the county or city government and external audits carried out by the China Engineering Consultants in conjunction with the Institute of Transportation, MOTC. The full implementation in the distribution of operations has been underway since Min Quo 102 years. This research focused on the discussion on the QA operations, including the selection of bridge inspection methods, calculation on the accuracy of basic data and thecalculation on the accuracy of the inspection data. In addition, the evaluation of the suitability of vendor recommended non-destructive testing (NDT) protocols were also assessed. Taken into account were the evaluative variables of the project including expenses along with recommended strengthening repairs and construction methods. Through this case study, it is anticipated that the quality of bridge inspection operations will increase.