家長的關注態度與學童視力不良之相關因素研究-以桃園縣某國小低年級學童為例

視力保健近年來都是台灣社會常被討論的議題，台灣的學童近視率有逐年升高的趨勢，對七歲學齡兒童來說，在2000年時已高達20.2%，近視的成因影響要素非常複雜，良好的視力保健行為是預防學童近視的重要關鍵，所以本研究希望從學童與家長的視力保健態度與行為中，找出與視力不良的關聯性，從而了解近視的預防方法。本研究的目的，要探討家長對學童視力關注程度與學童視力保健行為及視力表現的關係。研究選取桃園縣實施健康促進學校計劃之某國小二年級學童200位及家長200位，研究工具以健康促進學校輔導計畫所發展的「學童視力保健生活調查問卷」（家長填寫）、「學童視力保健生活知能調查問卷」(學生填寫)改編成李克特五點量表之問卷進行調查。問卷資料利用統計套裝軟體SPSS17版本，進行描述性統計、t檢定，所得之研究結論如下：一、桃園縣觀音鄉某公立國小二年級學童視力不良情形嚴重，雙眼視力不良率高達44.5%，且女生視力不良率較男生為高。二、桃園縣觀音鄉某公立國小二年級家長對學童視力保健態度與行為良好，家長對學童視力保健態度平均為4.26，顯示家長對學童視力保健態度是正向的，都很贊成學童應有正確的視力保健行為，可是家長較少注意到學童在學校的下課時間是否出去教室活動。三、桃園縣觀音鄉某公立國小二年級學童視力保健態度與行為良好，學生視力保健行為平均為3.49，現代的3C產品對國小低年級學童視力有很大的影響，研究發現學童使用3C產品時的時間控制是較為消極不確實的，調查顯示國小低年級學童下課時間，很喜歡出去教室外面活動，對視力保健有正面影響。四、家長對學童視力保健關注程度，對學童的視力是有相關，尤其是家長具體的督促行為會更有效果。五、學童愈能達到優良的視力保健健康行為，學童的視力情形就愈好一些，長時間使用3C產品以及缺少戶外活動學童，視力情況較差。根據前述研究結論，家長的關懷與督促會影響低年級學童的視力保健情形，學童的用眼狀況會影響視力，建議教育主管機關加強家庭與學校教育的宣導，從家庭與學校著手規劃增加學童的戶外活動。

關鍵字

學童；視力；近視；視力保健知識；視力保健行為；健康促進

並列摘要

Vision care has usually been a topic that was discussed by the society in Taiwan rcently. The trend of children's myopia is increasing in Taiwan year by year and the rate of children's myopia at the age of 7 was up to 20.2% in 2000.The factor that cause myopia are very complicated and good behaviors of vision care are the key points to prevent children's myopia.We want to find out the relationship between children's myopia and the attitude of vision care that children and their parents have,and then we want to find out the way to prevent children's myopia. The purpose of this study is to discuss the relation between children's eyesight and the care and behavior that children and their parents pay attention to.The examples of this study are from 200 students at 2ndgrade and their parents at a public school that is chosen to promote children's health in Taoyuan county.The tool of this study is the Likert 5 points questionnaire that adopts children's life of vision care questionnaire(written by their parents),and children's knowledge of vision care questionnaire(written by children)that are developed by a project that guide a school to prmote student's health. The information from the Likert 5 points questionnaire is treated by spss.17 and then treated by descripics T-test and have some conclusions below: 1.Children's eyesight is very poor at 2nd grade at a public elementary school and the rate of poor eyesight of two eyes is as high as 44.5% and the rate of poor eyesight of girl's is worse than the rate of boy's. 2.The attitude to children's vision care that their parents have is good and the average xcore is 4.26 that reveals a positive attitude.Most student's parents approve that children shoud have good behavior of vision care,but parents usually ignore the question that whether their children go outside the classroom after a class or not. 3.Children at 2nd grade at a public elementary school in Taoyuan County have good attitude and behavior for their vision care, and the average score is 3.49.The modern 3C have great influence on children's eyesight and children are hard to restrain thenselves to play the 3C product.The investigation of this study reaveals a fact that children at lower grade like to exercise outdoors after a class and this hobby is good for children eyesights. 4.Children's eyesight is related to parents care and it's more effective for children's good eyesight that their parents pay more attention to children's vision care. 5.The more the children have good behavior for their vision care the better the children's eyesight is.The children that use 3C product for a long time a day have a poor eyesight. According to the conclusions above we can dind some facts.Parents care has the influence on children'svision care.The way children exercise their eyes has influence on children's eyesight.This study advice our government can propagate good ideas for children's eyesight vision care to the education at home and school,and plan some activities that can urge students do more exercise outdoors.