應用六標準差管理改善熱泵熱水系統施工流程之缺失

人類使用能源以延續生命。因此，人們積極地尋找化石燃料或替代能源。太陽的熱能是最容易取得的能源之一，利用太陽能來產生熱水及電力為目前政府所推廣的綠色能源之一。　　由於一般家庭對於熱泵熱水系統的節能效率與經濟效益仍然保持著不同的看法，熱泵熱水系統的安裝並無場地設計審核與施工過程的檢驗方法及完工查驗機制。因此，安裝過程中是否有安裝元件損壞、效能不佳，導致熱泵COP值效率不足、使用壽命減短、系統節能效率降低、維修費用增高、通風位置不良好等情況，甚至會發生系統設備漏水及防颱、抗震不良等嚴重問題。　　本研究是以「熱泵熱水系統施工流程」為探討對象，運用六標準差手法之DMAIC改善步驟，建立一套標準化熱泵熱水系統作業流程(SOP)，先以魚骨圖分析做為品質問題的界定。運用因果矩陣圖找出影響熱泵熱水系統施工流程之輸入及輸出變數，結合失效模式(FMEA)找出關鍵變因及探討可能會發生的原因，再利用風險優先值數(R.P.N)找出潛在嚴重問題，優先即時採取修正措施與方法，並建立一套管制計畫表與周延的「防呆機制」。

關鍵字

熱泵熱水系統；六標準差；魚骨圖；因果矩陣；失效模式；防呆機制

並列摘要

Human beings use energy resources to sustain their life. Therefore, human beings aggressively search for fossil fuels and their alternatives. Solar energy is the most readily available source of energy and is widely used for heating and producing electricity. However, the energy-saving efficiency and cost-benefit of using heat-pump hot water system is still doubted by most of people, and there is no evaluation system for the site-design, construction process and completion test when installing the heat-pump hot water system. We, therefore, concerned whether the damage or malfunction of system elements in the process of installation would result in the insufficiency of the system’s COP value, the shortening of the system life, the decrease of energy-saving efficiency, the poor location of ventilation, and the increase of maintenance fee. We also worried those serious problems as leakage, damage from typhoon and earthquake would happen to the system. This study is to explore the problems in the installation process of the heat-pump hot water system. We applied the DMAIC improving steps of the six-sigma method to establish a standard operation (SOP) for the construction of the heat-pump hot water system. The SOP started with a definition of the quality issues using the fishbone diagram. The variables of input and output affecting the construction process were then found out by the matrix diagram method. And the key factors that cause the failures were filtered out by the FEMA.Finally, the potential serious factors were explored by the aid of R.P.N. method. These potential factors would provide guidelines for taking corrective measures and establishing a comprehensive control planning and a “fool-proof” mechanism.