少子化對教師工作壓力之影響與因應－以桃園縣國小教師為例

Effecting and Coping Strategy of Working Pressure in Response to Low Birthrate－A Cased Study for Elementary School Teachers in Taoyuan County

陳玉萍(Yu-Ping Chen)

指導教授 ： 羅明正

健行科技大學/管理學院/經營管理研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討台灣少子化現象的成因、現況及發展趨勢。分析少子化現象對桃園縣國民小學教師工作壓力與壓力因應的現況，並比較不同背景變項的桃園縣國小教師在工作壓力及壓力因應的差異情形，及探討工作壓力與壓力因應的相關情形。
本研究以問卷調查法為主，針對桃園縣國民小學正式教師，進行分層隨機抽樣，抽取桃園縣33所公立國民小學正式教師共560人，回收有效問卷449份。研究者自編少子化對桃園縣國小教師工作壓力影響與因應之研究調查問卷為研究工具，進行調查，根據所得資料以敘述統計、獨立樣本t 檢定、單因子變異數與Pearson 積差相關進行統計分析。
根據本研究結果發現：
1.不同性別、年齡、服務年資、在職學校服務年資、婚姻、職務、學校規模、服務學校超額經驗與自身超額經驗，在少子化對國民小學教師工作壓力的影響整體及各層面上，有差異存在。
2.不同性別、服務年資、在職學校服務年資、學校規模、學校所在地、服務學校超額經驗，在少子化對國民小學教師壓力因應的整體及各層面上，有差異存在。
3.國小教師對少子化產生之工作壓力程度越大，其運用尋求支持及逃避延宕的頻率愈高。

關鍵字

少子化 ； 教師工作壓力 ； 因應方式

並列摘要

The goal of this study is to investigate causes, current situation and tendency of low birth rate in Taiwan through analyzing current work pressure and pressure coping strategies of elementary school teachers in Taoyuan County firstly; then comparing difference of work pressure and pressure coping strategies among these teachers from different backgrounds; finally discussing relations between work pressure and pressure coping strategies.
The methodology of this study is based on questionnaire survey. 449 copies of effective questionnaires were collected from 560 formal public elementary school teachers who were randomly sampled out and stratified from 33 public elementary schools in Taoyuan County. The research tool, questionnaires of work pressure and pressure coping strategies caused by low birth rate among elementary school teachers in Taiyuan County, was created by the author. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent sample mean t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson product-moment correlation.
Research results shows:
1. Work pressure is significantly different among elementary school teachers with different gender, age, total service years, service years in currently employed schools, marital status, positions, school scales, status of surplus teacher in schools, and experience of being surplus teachers.
2. Coping strategies of work pressure are different significantly among elementary school teachers with different gender, total service years, service years in currently employed schools, school scales, school location, and status of surplus teacher in schools.
3. The greater the work pressure resulting from low birth rate, the higher the frequency of seeking for support and procrastinating/evading problems.

並列關鍵字

low birth rate ； work pressure of teachers ； coping strategies

參考文獻

[1]. 王怡文（2009）。日本政府因應少子化對國小衝擊的教育政策研究。國立台南大學教育經營與管理研究所碩士論文。

[2]. 行政院（2008）。人口政策白皮書（核定本）

[3]. 行政院經建會都發處（2009）。臺灣地區人口變遷對公共設施需求之研究－以中小學學校用地為例。

[4]. 行政院經濟建設委員會人力規劃處（2008）。中華民國台灣地區民國97年至145 年人口推計。

[5]. 何姵娟（2005）。我國人口變化與未來國小教育發展關係之研究以宜蘭縣為例。佛光人文社會學院未來學系碩士班碩士論文。