影響教職員退休金提撥之研究－以桃園市立自強國中為例

台灣近幾年來因為經濟衰退，低出生率以及低死亡率造成台灣走向少子化與超高齡化社會，多數國人意識到過去「養兒防老」的觀念已不適用。教師們如何及早為自己的退休生活做打算，做好退休理財規劃以滿足退休後的生活，更顯得重要。本研究主要探討教師退休規劃對於個人投資理財行為的影響，採問卷調查法，於2016年9至11月期間進行調查，以桃園市立自強國中教職員為調查對象，搜集到的有效樣本資料共161筆。本研究藉由詢問受訪者家庭經濟背景、薪資待遇以及預計、目前使用的理財工具與偏好等資料，加以整理研究。實證模型方面採用「樣本選擇模型」(Sample Selection Model)做受訪者對退休金提撥之分析，進而討論受訪者預期退休金提撥下，探討其「實際規劃退休金提撥金額」，並將「實際提撥金額」與「預期提撥金額」的差異加以分析，得知服務年資長，金額差異越小。此外針對「已開始規劃退休金提撥」之受訪者中，探討受訪者「實際為退休理財規劃所使用之理財工具種類」，以及「實際使用理財工具種類」與「預期使用理財工具種類」是否存在差異性，並分析造成此差異的因素為何，結果發現所得收入越高、風險偏好者以及對於退休理財工具年期望報酬率較高者，實際所選擇使用退休理財工具種類越多。

關鍵字

退休金提撥；風險屬性；理財工具；樣本選擇模型；差異性分析

並列摘要

The economic performances of Taiwan have slumped in recent years and Taiwan would become an “aged” society due to the sub-replacement fertility and the increase of the life expectancy. Most Taiwanese notice that it’s unrealistic to rear sons for help in old age any more. Therefore, retirement and pension plans have become more important to provide the financial security and sustain the living standards. The main aim of this research is to analyze the impact of retirement plans on personal investment behaviors. The data was collected from September to November in 2016 with the questionnaire completed by the faculty members in Tzu-Chiang junior high school. The valid sample is 161. The questionnaire was designed to collect the information about socio-economic background of the respondents, salary, personal plans and expectations for the future retired life, financial investment tools and individual investment preferences. Sample Selection Model was used to analyze the factors and the differences between “the actual allocation” and “the expected allocation” among the respondents who have already started to “allocate money for the retirement”. As to the financial tools used by the respondents, this study also focus on the differences existed between “the actual use of financial tools” and “the expected use of financial tools” and analyze the factors that contribute to the differences.