社會救助、人口老化與勞動參與率之關係－考慮城鄉之差異

本研究意旨在探討社會救助、人口老化與勞動參與率之關係，並比較城鄉之差異，由於少子化及高齡化衝擊之下，造成勞動力相對應短缺，遠遠影響一國經濟社會的發展，故各國政府莫不將其列為優先關注的政策議題之一。另外，社會救助在社會安全體系中扮演安全網角色，希望積極協助具工作能力及意願者脫離生活困境，實證時採用1998至2019年各縣市所提供之統計資料建構迴歸模型，取得418個有效樣本作為分析，檢驗各縣市社會救助、人口老化與勞動參與率並比較城鄉之差異。研究結果顯示老年人口比率與勞動參與率呈負向關係，且在城鄉間呈現顯著差異之關係，扶養比與勞動參與率呈正向關係，低收入戶人數與勞動參與率呈負向關係。

關鍵字

社會救助；人口老化；勞動參與率；城鄉差異

並列摘要

This study aims to explore the relationship between social assistance, aging population and labor participation. Due to the impact of declining birthrate and aging population, there is a corresponding shortage of labor, which far affects the economic and social development of a country. Therefore, governments all over the world make it one of the priority policy issues. In addition, social assistance is the role of a safety net in the social security system, hoping to actively assist those with work ability and willingness to get out of life difficulties. The empirical study used the statistical data provided by the counties and cities from 1998 to 2019 construct the regression model, and obtained 418 valid samples for analysis to test causal relationship between social assistance, aging population and labor participation: considering the differences between urban and rural. The results of this paper show that the ratio of the elderly population has a negative relationship with labor participation rate, and there is a significant difference between the urban-rural differences. The dependency ratio has a positive relationship with the labor participation rate, and the number of low-income households has a negative relationship with the labor participation rate.