家長式領導對國小教師工作敬業之影響-以心理資本為中介

The Influence of Paternalistic Leadership on Teachers’ Work Engagement in Elementary School: the Mediating Effect of Psychological Capital

彭湘瑜(Hsiang-Yu Peng)

指導教授 ： 吳偉立

健行科技大學/民生創意學院/國際企業經營系碩士班/碩士(2018年)

摘要

在過去的幾年裡，少子化現象導致了國小減班、教師超額等問題；同時十二年國教、 年金改革等政策引發的爭議等因素，都可能加劇小學教師的工作壓力。此時便突顯探討 教師奉獻精神和職業道德的重要意義，因此引起本研究對國小教師工作敬業研究之機 動。
本研究將透過家長式領導(仁慈、德行、威權)對國小老師工作敬業之影響並探討心 理資本的中介角色。從過去的研究可發現，正向領導行為會影響工作敬業度，但卻少以 家長式領導為主題。故為補足此缺口，提出本研究假設。本研究探討主管以家長式領導 將如何對國小教師工作敬業度產生影響，並以心理資本為中介因素探討其相互間關係之 研究。本研究以台灣桃園地區 29 所國小教師為研究對象，採問卷調查法，總計發出 781 份，回收有效問卷 670 份，經統計分析後本研究有以下主要發現：
一、仁慈領導對於教師工作敬業有顯著的正向影響。
二、仁慈、德行領導對於教師心理資本有顯著的正向影響。
三、心理資本對於教師工作敬業有顯著的正向影響。
四、心理資本對於仁慈領導及工作敬業具部分中介之效果。
最後，依據研究結果提出管理實務上之意涵，以及未來研究建議方向。

關鍵字

家長式領導 ； 工作敬業 ； 心理資本

並列摘要

In the past few years, low birth rate has caused the decreasing number of classes and the excess of formal teachers. Meanwhile, the enforcement of 12-year compulsory education and pension reforms have aroused controversies in the society. All these factors may add to, or even intensify the working stress of elementary school teachers. Bearing the above issues in mind, this research probes into the significance of both the dedication and working ethics of teachers.
The purpose of the study is to examine the influences of paternalistic leadership on work engagement, and to explore the mediation role of psychological capital.Previous studies have shown that positive leadership behaviors can affect work engagement; however, we know little about the impact of paternalistic leadership. In order to fill this gap, this study aims to explore how paternalistic leadership influences on teachers’ work engagement in elementary school, and considers psychological capital as a mediator in the relationship between paternalistic leadership and work engagement. A sample of 670 teachers in elementary school in Taiwan were collected through the survey condocted by this study. The empirical results show that:
1. Benevolent leadership has a significantly positive impact on work engagement.
2. Both of Benevolent and moral leaderships have a significantly positive impact on psychological capital.
3. Psychological capital has a significantly positive impact on work engagement.
4. Psychological capital is a mediator between benevolence leadership and work engagement.
Finally, according to the findings, this study makes some recommendations for practices, as well as suggestions for future research.

並列關鍵字

Paternalistic leadership ； Work engagement ； Psychological capital

參考文獻

一、中文部分

1. 王莉瑛(2013)。心理資本、幸福感、家長式領導與組織績效相關之研究-以高雄市國民小學為例。正修科技大學經營管理研究所碩士論文。

2. 王榮春與陳彰儀(2000)。部屬對主管領導行為知覺、相關情境因素二者與部屬對主管反應及工作行為的關係。國立政治大學博士論文。

3. 古文雄(2017)。國小桌球運動員知覺家長式領導與社會支持之關係。國立體育大學競技與教練科學研究所碩士論文。

4. 伍哲毅(2017)。工作壓力與組織公民行爲關係之研究：兼論家長式領導之調節效果。銘傳大學諮商與工商心理學系碩士論文。