獨居老人生活照護系統設計研究

現今人口老年化的社會，再加上少子化等問題造成獨居老人的人數日漸增加，再者老人常患有慢性病，例如：糖尿病、風濕性關節炎等，故伴隨著獨居老人在遠距照護上的議題則需多加關注。為了提供符合獨居老人居住且適合之養病環境，本文提出一套環境舒適度監控系統，其目標以無線環境監控網路為基礎，評估獨居老人的生活環境因素，如：溫度、濕度、危險氣體濃度、人體紅外線監測，並適時介入控制其居住環境舒適度參數(例如：溫度、濕度)，使獨居老人的生活環境更加舒適，降低獨居老人發病風險，系統設計除了一般環境監控外，另外具備了災害(火災)發生前兆偵測，讓年長者的居家生活獲得保障。本研究開始前需先了解獨居老人的住家環境狀況，並查詢老人患有何種會受到環境影響的慢性疾病後進行分析，得知濕度、溫度等環境狀況會影響患有如類風濕性關節炎等慢性病的獨居老人。並在收集研究資訊的過程中，另外發現獨居老人的住家安全問題(如：用火不當、瓦斯外洩)會因為住家防災設備不夠完善而受到危害。為了解決以上所關注的問題，在系統設計方面，監控設備需裝設於獨居老人的家中，且同時不能影響獨居老人的生活，本文選擇使用Zigbee無線感測網路實現物聯網(Internet of Things，IOT)架構，收集獨居老人的生活環境資訊並進行監控，讓獨居老人能在舒適的生活環境狀態下狀況維持一般作息，同時降低或減緩獨居老人的慢性病症狀。另外在發生意外狀況(如：火災、瓦斯外洩)時，系統將自動偵測以及發出警告訊息告知獨居老人並同時通知消防人員、家人、看護，讓獨居老人的住家安全受到保障。

關鍵字

物聯網；環境監控系統；獨居老人； Zigbee

並列摘要

Along with the aging population and low fertility rate bring the number of solitary elder increase gradually. In addition, elderly usually suffer from chronic diseases, such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and etc.; therefore，the issue of solitary elder in telecare should be given a great attention. This thesis proposes an A study on solitary elderly caring system design which provides a suitable habitat as well as recuperate environment for solitary elder, the objective of this thesis is evaluating the living environment factors of solitary elder based on wireless environmental monitoring network, living environment factors are indoor temperature, humidity, dangerous gases concentration and infrared sensor for human detection, in order to reduce the incidence rate of diseases and provide a comfortable living environment, system will intervene to control the living environment factors in the appropriate way. Besides environmental monitoring, system has detection of disaster symptoms to ensure a safety living environment for elderly. At the beginning of this research, we should figure out and analysis the correlation between condition of living environment and incidence rate of chronic diseases affected by environment factors, for instance, we found that rheumatoid arthritis will be affected by the environment factors such like indoor humidity and temperature. During the process of information collecting, we found that the main issue in elderly living safety is the lack of disaster prevention equipment. For dealing with the earlier mentioned issues, the integrated wireless monitoring system in elder’s living environment shouldn’t influence the daily life of elderly. In this thesis, we implemented the Internet of Things architecture by using Zigbee wireless sensor network (WSN), system collects and monitors the living environment information of solitary elder, provides a comfortable living environment for elderly to maintain normal routines of daily life and in the meantime to reduce the incident rate of chronic diseases. On the other side, the monitoring system will send alert messages to elderly and whose family, corresponding caregivers (firemen or nursing) in the case of disaster occurred (fire disaster, dangerous gases leaking), which goal is to provides elders have a secure, safety habitation.