沙烏地阿拉伯國家石油公司之全球經營策略分析

本研究的目的是期待組織間外部控制資源依賴觀點－權變理論、新制度理論、種群生態學戰略、選擇理論、交易成本理論、商業生態理論等相關理論來探討全球經營策略的分析，並且以個案方式說明，以國際經濟局勢下身為OPEC成員之一的沙烏地阿拉伯的國家石油公司沙烏地阿拉伯國家石油公司，要如何面對這種世界經濟狀況並且作出的策略與因應之道。本篇論文主要是在敘述，沙烏地阿拉伯國家石油公司從過去的七十五年的歲月裡所經歷的過程與其在策略運用上的轉變，透過其所屬的國家沙烏地阿拉伯的國際關係和外交上與其在OPEC的地位日益重要，使得其地位也日益重要與其所產生的效益更加重大，而且面對中國的崛起，也逐漸地將石油銷售方向由西方轉向東方。本篇論文的結論為，第一、對於沙烏地阿拉伯國家石油公司而言，對增加對其之深入了解，與組織內外關係理論除了強調組織內外關係的密切配合之外，還強調組織間外部控制的理論的影響，因此本研究除了以環境與組織的角度作詮釋之外，而且還企圖以經濟學的角度來思考對於沙烏地阿拉伯國家石油公司的發展背景，瞭解其過去的歷史軌跡外也更加明白其在經濟價值;第二、提供給其他相關的產業及廠商一個參考的，除了依據本研究以沙烏地阿拉伯國家石油公司為主要的目的之外，對於目前的全球各大石油產國所生產的石油產量作分析，因此有其國際的經濟價值與意義，所以其他相關產業或許可以參考本篇論文沙烏地阿拉伯的全球競爭策略，考量全球環境與企業或產業本身的能力與天賦，透過溝通和協調，便能朝向高附加價值發展。本篇論文最大的貢獻，在於明白沙烏地阿拉伯國家石油公司在面對全球經濟變化與起伏時，在策略上所作的改變及中國的崛起，使得沙烏地阿拉伯國家石油公司除了西方國家有大量的石油的需求量，也同時發覺東方的石油需求量也相當驚人的，特別是面對中國的崛起，沙烏地阿拉伯國家石油公司在未來也必須配合中國的石油需求量及所面臨的考驗而有所變化。

關鍵字

沙烏地阿拉伯國家石油公司；全球經營；策略分析；組織間外部控制資源依賴觀點－權變理論；新制度理論

並列摘要

The purpose for the thesis will discuss the global business strategy analysis by the Contingency Approach, the New System Theory, the Population Ecology Strategy, the Option thesis, Transaction Cost Thesis, the Business ecology Thesis, and the other related theses. It is explained with the case study that how should make the strategy to face the economic environment in the Saudi Aramco. The research thesis descript that the progression and changing on the strategy during the 75 years in the Saudi Aramco. Through the international relationship and diplomacy in Saudi Arambia and the increasingly important for the international status in the OPEC, the status of the Aramco increasingly important and the effects will increasingly significant. Moreover, the rise of the Mainland China, the Aramco will also turn from the western into the eastern on the selling direction for the oil. There are two viewpoint for the conclusion of the research thesis: First, as for the Saudi Aramco, it is the understanding deeply into the research thesis about the relationship of the outside and inside. In addition to the relationship of the outside and inside for the organization, it lays the emphasis into the influences on the thesis of the outside and inside among the organizations. Therefore, the research direction will not only be interpreted for the environment and organization, but it also is the thinking direction for the economic for the developing background of the Saudi Aramco to understand the historical tracks in the Saudi Aramco, and understand the economic value. Second, the research thesis provides the reference foundamental standards for the related business situation to the related business and industry. In addition to the main purpose of the Saudi Aramco, it will make a research analysis for the output quantity in each petroleum quantity in the oil-producers. In addition to the research thesis have the international economic values and its meanings. Therefore, other related business can refer to, the global competitive strategies for the Saudi Aramco, the research thesis; it will consider the environment and business capability. It will walk into the developing in the higher additional value through the communication and coordition. Through the thesis, we can understand that the main contribution for the changing and surging of the strategy in the global economic, and the peaceful emergence for the China, the Aramco also knows that the demand especially, China, in the East is also amazing. Saudi Aramco also has to change with the demand for the China.