失業與健康關聯之研究

A study on the relationship between unemployment and health

王永文(Yung-Wen Wang)

指導教授 ： 曾敏傑

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/社會工作學系/碩士(2008年)

摘要

本研究主要在探討失業與健康之關聯，藉由比較失業者與就業者在生活消費、生理健康、心理健康與社會適應上的差異，以及控制相關變項後觀察失業者與就業者在健康上的差異是否仍然存在。最後將失業者抽取出來運用統計分析來觀察預測失業者生活消費、心理健康與社會適應的因素。本研究是以台灣社會變遷基本調查第五期第一次綜合問卷之調查結果來進行分析，已目前有工作者1377人與目前沒有工作者122人來進行分析，分別以t檢定、卡方檢定、多元迴歸分析來進行。研究結果發現如下﹕(一)就業者與失業者在健康上的差異情形將健康分為生活消費、生理健康、心理健康、家庭關係與社會適應層面來作探討，發現失業者在這幾個層面皆較就業者差。(二)控制了個人變項與全家收入後，失業者與就業者在健康上的差異情形探討到生活消費、心理健康與社會適應層面，失業者與就業者在生活經濟、心理健康上的差異依舊存在，但在社會適應上的差異即不存在。(三)個人變項與全家收入對於失業者健康的預測情形男性、未婚的失業者其生活經濟狀況較差，全家收入高之失業者，其生活經濟狀況則較佳。男性失業者出外度假次數較女性失業者少，全家收入多者其生活休閒層面也會較佳。心理健康方面，教育年數較高之失業者，其心理健康較佳，全家收入較高者心理健康程度較佳。家庭人數較多者其心理健康程度較佳。根據上述研究發現，期望能提供政府與相關單位在制定政策與預防處遇時之參考，以及未來研究上能有更多元與明確之思考方向。

關鍵字

失業 ； 生理健康 ； 心理健康 ； 社會適應

並列摘要

This research mainly explores the connection between unemployment and health. Through comparing the differences in living consumption, physical health, mental health and social adaption between the unemployed and the employed as well as controlling the related variables, we try to observe whether the healthy difference between the unemployed and the employed still exists. Finally, the unemployed will be selected and the statistical analysis will be imposed to observe and predict the factors of living consumption, mental health and social adaption related to the unemployed. This research uses the results from the first synthetic questionnaire in the Fundamental Research of Taiwan Social Evolution No.5, focuses on 1377 employed and 122 unemployed persons at present and adopts t-test, Chi-square test, and multiple regression analysis to conduct the analysis. This research then makes the following findings:

(1) The healthy difference between the unemployed and the employed:
Through dividing the health into the levels of living consumption, physical health, mental health, domestic relations and social adaption, we explore and find that the unemployed perform more poorly than the employed at these levels.
(2) After the personal variable and family income are controlled, the healthy difference between the unemployed and the employed:
When it comes to the levels of living consumption, mental health and social adaption, the differences in living consumption and mental health between the unemployed and the employed still exist; however, the difference of social adaption doesn’t exist anymore.
(3) The impact of personal variable and family income on the prediction to the healthy situation of the unemployed:
The situation of living consumption of male, single unemployed is worse; the situation of living consumption of the unemployed with high family income is better. The male unemployed make fewer vacations than the female unemployed; the unemployed with high family income also have better leisure activities. At the level of mental health, the unemployed with more education is better; the unemployed with high family income also own better mental situation. The unemployed with more family members have better mental health.

According to the above findings, we anticipate the results could provide the government and related institutions for establishing the policies and preventive managements as well as raise more diverse and clearer thinking directions for further research.

並列關鍵字

unemployment ； physical health ； mental health ； social adaption

參考文獻

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Brenner, MH. and Mooney, A.（1983）. Unemployment and health in the context of Economic change. Soc Sci Med,17, 1125-1138