外籍配偶子女族群認同、社會控制與偏差行為研究

The Study on The Correlations Among Ethnic Identity, Social Control and Delinquent Behavior of Foreign Brides’Adolescents

李思苑(Ssu-Yuan LI)

指導教授 ： 許春金

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

論文提要內容：

在全球化的浪潮下，隨著外籍配偶婚嫁人口移入，外籍配偶子女逐漸增加，人數成長迅速，部分外籍配偶子女進入國中時期，使人口結構產生改變，其在環境的適應上以及社會控制與自我控制的發展上，是社會議題關注的焦點之一。外籍配偶子女受到跨文化的衝擊，對於其本身族群認同是否會可能產生較多偏差行為，值得進一步探究。本研究以犯罪學相關理論為基礎，探討族群認同、社會控制與自陳偏差行為的關聯性。本研究採用自陳問卷方式實施，問卷回收後予以編碼，樣本範圍是桃園縣境內國民中學，依配額取樣法選取之共237位國一至國三之外籍配偶子女學生問卷調查結果，以SPSS 12.軟體進行分析，經卡方獨立性考驗、皮爾森積差相關分析、t 檢定、單因子變異數分析等統計方法進行分析，所得結果如下：
一、家庭控制受家庭結構影響；父親學歷對母親控制具影響力、父親經濟收入對母親控制、父親控制、同儕附著、學校控制具影響力。母親經濟收入對母親控制、家庭互動、同儕附著具影響力，族群性別在母親控制、學校控制、同儕附著上有顯著差異存在。
二、外籍配偶子女族群認同對社會控制影響偏差行為有中介效果、外籍配偶子女族群認同對於低自我控制影響偏差行為具有中介效果。
從理論意涵觀之，家庭結構父親與母親的角色與功能影響偏差行為，而族群被視為犯罪預測有力的因子之一，緣係族群人種蘊含深層之族群文化與價值觀信仰生態體系，換言之，牽動文化、語言風俗與信仰的「族群」是犯罪的預測因子之一。社會控制透過族群認同對偏差行為的發生有重要的地位，外籍配偶子女對於母親之族群認同影響子女在情感依附上的社會鍵的程度，族群認同提升語言工具使用、對情感表達之流暢以及人際技巧，對於低自我控制在偏差行為上有所影響。
增強社會鍵的連結，是面對充斥多樣犯罪誘因環境的防治良藥。目前社政、教育體系已提供外籍配偶諮詢及教育並對弱勢族群進行課後輔導之外，建議結合民間資源互助合作，舉辦跨文化領域學習相關活動、翻轉偏見與意識型態、尊重、包容多元文化。在家庭社區方面能加強親子關係與親職教育，改善其生活環境，提升社區凝聚力營造友善環境。

關鍵字

外籍配偶子女 ； 族群認同 ； 社會控制 ； 偏差行為

並列摘要

Under the wave of globalization and following the immigrating population of foreign spouses, the number of children of foreign spouses is on the rise gradually and the population grows rapidly. The population structure starts to change when some of the children of foreign spouses enter into the age of junior high schools.Their adaptation to the environment and development in social control and self-control becomes one of the focuses on social issues. The children of foreign spouses experience cross-culture impact and whether if such impact could result in deviant behaviors, merits further study.
The study discusses the association between ethnic identity, social control and self-reporting deviant behaviors based on criminological theory. The study adopts self-reporting questionnaire and codes the questionnaire after recovery. The sample scope consists of 237 children of foreign spouses attending the 7th to 9th grade of junior high schools in Taoyuan County, were selected by quota sampling. The samples were analyzed using SPSS 12 and tested with statistical methods including the Chi Square Test of Independence, the Pearson's correlation, t test, and one-way ANOVA. The results attained are described in the follows:
1. Family control is subject to influence from family structure: The education of father has influence over mother control, while father’s financial income has influence over mother control, peer attachment, and school control. The financial income of mothers has influence over mother control, family interactions, and peer attachment. Ethnic gender has significant difference over mother control, school control and peer attachment.

2. The ethnic identity for children of foreign spouses has mediator effect for social control influenced deviant behaviors and the ethnic identity for children of foreign spouses has mediator effect over low self-control influenced deviant behavior.
In view of the theoretical implications, the roles and functions of father and mother in a family structure has influence over deviant behavior while ethnics is regarded as the strong factor for crime forecasting, because ethnic groups contain profound ethnic-culture and value-based belief ecology system. In other words, “ethnics” that affect culture, language, custom, and belief, is one of the factors for crime forecasting. Social control shows important impact on the occurrence of deviant behavior through ethnic identity. Children of foreign spouses hold ethnic identity towards their mothers can affect the degree of social bond on their children with respect to emotional attachment. Ethnic identity shows influence on the improvement of language tool use, flow of emotional expression, interpersonal skills, and low self-control over deviant behaviors.
Improving links of social bond is the best prevention treatment when facing with an environment flooded with diverse crime incentives. Currently the social-political and educational system have already offered consultation and education to foreign spouses as well as providing after-class counseling for economically disadvantaged groups. The paper recommends a combination of private-sector resources with mutual cooperation to organize activities related to cross-cultural field of learning and to overturn biasing and ideology, respect and tolerate diverse culture. For family communities, strengthen parental relationship and parental education to improve the living environment and enhance community cohesion by creating a friendly environment.

並列關鍵字

Brides’Adolescents ； ethnic identity ； social control ； Delinquent Behavior

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