從性別觀點看男性參與懷孕生產：以《嬰兒與母親》和《媽媽寶寶》為例

The Gender Analysis of the Men Accompanying During the Pregnancy and Labor: Examples from the magazines of “Baby & Mother” and “Mom Baby”

林郁欣(YU-HSIN, LIN)

指導教授 ： 陳韻如

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/社會學系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

近年媒體出現鼓勵男性參與配偶懷孕生產的說法，傳達由伴侶共同負擔生育責任的概念，可見男性之於生育，其觀念與行為是發生改變的。雜誌是大眾獲得生育知識的主要來源之一，其文章內容如何呈現男性參與孕產，具有研究的必要性。檢視媒體如何談論男性參與，有助於瞭解限制男性參與孕產的說法為何，進而提供達到性別平等的可能機會。本研究目的是以性別平等觀點檢視男性參與懷孕生產的雜誌文章內容，深入思考生育在醫療詮釋下可能為父權所用的危機。
本研究以男性參與配偶懷孕生產過程為主題的雜誌文章為研究對象，使用質性的文本分析方法探討男性參與懷孕生產報導的內涵與性別結構。本研究旨在探討雜誌文本針對男性參與生育之報導內涵，及其中隱含的性別態度與的觀念的運作情形。
研究發現，雜誌媒體的相關報導主要出自醫學專家，但並未傳達客觀中立的意見評論，對於男性參與孕產的說法內容反映了父權社會的性別偏見，包括：一、生育主要責任仍由女性負擔，男性僅作為輔助照顧角色，選擇性從事部份照顧工作，卻位居生育中重要決定、保護和指導者位置，可見文本中的性別關係具有男女之間差異的權力支配。二、文本作者將性視為男性象徵，基於性行為能力受影響的疑慮，形成對男性進入產房的反對意見；至於對男性是否進入產房的不一致意見，則反映文本作者對男性參與生產的態度並不積極，可說明為何男性實際投入孕產的不足情況。三、文本撰寫時複製性別角色之刻板印象與對象化之性別關係，以有益於男性立場的考量及弱化女性的述說方式，使文本內容多數呈現固有之性別角色互動、延續既存性別關係界線、維持甚至強化性別差異的情形。

關鍵字

性別 ； 男性參與懷孕生產

並列摘要

People change their views on giving birth in recent years. Not only women but also men take the responsibility for it. Men start to involve in their wives’ pregnancy and labor. Magazines are the main source for men to get information from. It is necessary to study how the role of men during the pregnancy and labor is presented in magazines. Therefore, this thesis is aimed to examine the gender bias in the discourses of men’s involvement, and if the discourses offer the perspective of gender equality.
The text samples were drawn from the magazine of “Baby & Mother” and “Mom Baby” published in Taiwan. We use qualitative methods to analyze and interpret gender implications in the discourses of men’s involvement during the pregnancy and labor.
The findings showed that the viewpoints in magazine articles mainly come from medical professions. But instead of empirical knowledge, such viewpoints they are contaminated by personal and social prejudices of sexism. In the discourses, women still take the primary responsibility for childbearing and men are additional. Men bear less, though, they play the role of decision maker, protector, and director. The attitudes toward men accompanying during the labor are disagreement and tend to be passive. This is why the majority of men are absent during the pregnancy and labor. Moreover, the articles are limited to gender stereotype and objectified women. The way of saying in the discourses stress men’s viewpoint, or even worse, makes women’s role weaker. To sum up, the discourses of men’s involvement are based on patriarchal view and tend to emphasize gender differences. That is, the concept of men accompanying during the pregnancy and labor are trying to break the gender division, though, the discourses are still based on gender ideology.

並列關鍵字

gender ； men accompanying during the pregnancy and labor

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