已婚女性空服員的工作與家庭生活策略

THE STRATEGIES IN WORK AND DOMESTIC LIFE OF MARRIED FLIGHT ATTENDANTS

李瑋(Wei Lee)

指導教授 ： 楊文山

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/社會學系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

論文提要內容：
本論文以本國某航空公司育有12歲以下子女的已婚女性空服員為對象，透過質性研究的參與觀察和深度訪談，以了解空服員特殊的工作形態對家庭生活影響的多樣性。從探討已婚女性空服員對其工作經驗的看法與感受，進而瞭解工作特性對個人及家庭生活的影響，當面對工作與家庭的衝突困境時，又將如何展現自我主體的生活樣貌與生活策略。而本論文以空服員的工作特性中的情緒勞動經驗與特殊的彈性工時制度為主軸，探討其如何影響空服員工作與家庭生活的經驗與策略。整個研究也從空服員工作的歷史背景與產業變遷的脈絡中發問：跨越時空看女人(空服員)的生活，過去、現在怎麼走？未來怎麼走？
研究立基於畫界工作理論，並以紮根理論為分析方法。研究結果發現：空服員的工作與家庭生活的界線並非固著不變，界線會在所處環境的認知與變動下，不斷翻轉、游移。她們靠著「機動性」的生活策略，在工作、家庭與自我內在間試圖取得平衡。然而資本與父權在兩個場域間的交相運作，使得性別成為區隔服務與家務工作的機制，構成女性空服員的勞動與生活困境。。
最後，本研究強調公與私領域界限的打破，情緒勞動和家務勞動間的「服務」與「家務」不應只是「女人的工作」。無論在工作或家庭中，能夠建立兩性平等互惠的價值觀。企業也不應視經濟活動與家庭為獨立存在，除了接受政府法令，對職業母親的福利外，在工作制度上也應有合理的制度與管理。唯有依靠整體社會價值觀、企業道德觀、國家福利觀得以實現兩性實質平等的理想。

關鍵詞：空服員、工作與家庭、情緒勞動、輪班工時制度

關鍵字

空服員 ； 工作與家庭 ； 情緒勞動 ； 輪班工時制度

並列摘要

The research subjects of this study are married female flight attendants who have children under the age of 12 in a local airline company of Taiwan. Using qualitative research methods of participant observation and in-depth interview, this research aims to explore the variety of the impact the special working conditions of flight attendants has on their domestic life. By analyzing these flight attendants’ views towards their working experience, this study seeks to contribute to an understanding of the influence of one’s professional/work experience on her personal and domestic life. This paper also discusses how the flight attendants demonstrate individuality in their life style and life strategies facing the clash between their career and domestic life. Focusing on the emotional labor experience and shifting working time schedule system of flight attendants, this study discusses their effects on their experience and strategies in work and domestic life. Considering the historical background of the profession and the changes of airline industry, the entire study also asks a question: how it was, how it is, and how it will be, of the life of married female air attendants?
Based on the Boundary Work Theory, along with the Grounded Theory as the research method, this research finds that the boundary between the work and domestic life of married female flight attendants does not remain fixed; on the contrary, it is constantly shifting according to the change of the recognition of different environments. The flight attendants depend on the life strategy of “mobility” to find a balance point between work and domestic life. However, under the co-operation between capitalism and patriarchy, gender becomes the mechanism which separates service-oriented work and household work, which also constructs the labor and plight of the domestic life of female attendants.
Lastly, this study emphasizes the breaking of the boundary between the public and private domains. The service-oriented work and household work should not be ‘women’s responsibilities’. In both workplace and domestic sphere, the values based on equality and mutual respect and benefits between both genders should be established. Corporations should not view economic activities and domestic life as two separate fields. Besides following laws and governmental regulations and providing welfares to mothers, the corporation should also have reasonable management and systems that respond to the needs of female employees who have children. The only way to achieve gender equality is through the practice and co-ordination of social values, corporate moral values and the welfare system.

Keywords: cabin attendants, airlines attendants, air crew, work and family, emotional labor, shift work.

並列關鍵字

cabin attendants ； airlines attendants ； air crew ； work and family ； emotional labor ； shift work

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