- 學位論文
我國服務業部門之能源使用效率評估－三階段資料包絡分析模型之應用
Service Sector Energy Efficiency Assessment -The Application of Three Stage DEA Model
摘要
在能源日益稀少與全球暖化壓力下，如何有效提升能源使用效率將是我國各產業發展上的重要課題。鑒於IPCC (2007)第四次評估報告指出，各部門在溫室氣體減量與其經濟潛力方面具有極大利基，其中又屬住商建築物部門之減碳潛力最高。同時，隨著我國產業發展逐漸轉型以服務業為重之產業結構，且服務業能源使用逐年提升之情勢下，隱含服務業部門具極高節能潛力，因此檢視服務業廠商之能源使用效率，將有助於提供服務業廠商之改善方向與幅度，進而達到整體服務業部門能源效率提升之目的。此外，有鑑於服務業廠商之建築用途與樓地板面積等環境因素亦會影響到其能源使用，故本研究係以我國能源局委託台灣綠色生力基金會執行之「非生產性質行業能源查核」所建構之查核資料為基礎，嘗試利用Fried et al. (2002)所提出考量環境因素與隨機誤差效果之三階段資料包絡分析模型(Three-Stage DEA Model)，衡量服務業廠商之能源使用效率。研究結果顯示，將「樓地板面積」、「建築用途」環境因素與隨機誤差皆顯著地影響各廠商的能源使用效率。各業別中又屬「運輸及倉儲業」、「教育服務業」與「醫療保健及社會工作服務業」三業別，其業別內之廠商平均能源使用效率較差，且該業別相對其他業別之能源使用占比較高，因此建議政府應加強上述三業別之節能輔導；而「批發及零售業」、「資訊及通訊傳播業」、「不動產業」、「專業、科學及技術服務業」與「公共行政及國防；強制性社會安全」等五業別，其業別內之能源使用效率具明顯趨同現象，因此建議政府應進一步擴大上述五業別之能源查核對象至中低能源用戶，使未來能源使用效率的同儕比較基準更為完整；另外，「住宿及餐飲業」、「金融及保險業」與「藝術、娛樂及休閒服務業」三業別，雖其能源使用占相對較低，但其能源使用效率在各DMU間仍具明顯差異，因此亦可持續追蹤上述三業別之能源使用效率表現，以期達到服務業能源使用效率改善之目的。
並列摘要
Under the pressure of energy scarcity and global warming, how to raise energy use efficiency has become an essential issue for national industry development. According to IPCC AR4 (2007), every sector has enormous niche in economic and GHG mitigation potential, and building sector ranked as number one among all sectors. However, with the focus of Taiwan’s industry development has been transferring from manufacturing to service sector and the energy use of service sector has been increasing annually, it implies that service sector has high energy saving potential. Hence, examining the energy use efficiency of service firms will contribute to providing the energy efficiency improvement direction and range for service firms, and then achieving the goal of enhancing energy efficiency of overall service sector. This research uses data of "Energy Audit for Non-Productive Industries" collected by Taiwan Green Productivity Foundation from a project authorized by R.O.C. Bureau of Energy. In addition, considering that the industrial characteristics and the building’s physical factors of service firms may influence their energy use, this research attempts to adopt the Three Stage Data Envelopment Analysis Model (Three-Stage DEA Model) proposed by Fried et al. (2002) which takes environmental effect and statistical noise into account to measure the energy use efficiency of service firms and provide advice to the authorities. Results show that the environmental effect "floor area", "building use" and statistical noise significantly affect the energy efficiency of service firms. Among the 11 categories in service sector discussed in this research, the average energy use efficiency of "Transportation and Storage", "Education" and "Human Health and Social Work Service" is inferior within the same category, and their energy use are higher compared with other categories in service sector. Thus, this study suggests the authorities should reinforce the guidance of the above-mentioned firms for energy conservation. Besides, the energy efficiency of "Wholesale and Retail Trade", "Information and Communication", "Real Estate", "Professional, Scientific and Technical Service" and "Public Administration and Defense" are kind of convergent, so this study suggests that authorities expand the energy audit objects to small and medium energy users, and improve the objectivity and reasonableness of the measurement for energy efficiency. Moreover, although the share of energy use of "Accommodation and Food Service", "Finance and Insurance", and "Art, Entertainment and Recreation" is lower than others, the energy efficiency of among firms within the same category is very different. Therefore, this study suggests that the authorities can follow their energy efficiency performance continually to achieve the purpose of improving energy efficiency of service sector.