以行政程序法觀點論我國土地徵收程序

A STUDY OF PROCEDURE OF LAND EXPROPRIATION IN TAIWAN BASED ON VIEWPOINT OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE ACT

葉美麗(Mei-Li Yeh)

指導教授 ： 陳明燦

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/不動產與城鄉環境學系/碩士(2008年)

摘要

人生而自由平等這是天賦的自然權利，亦即「人性尊嚴」不容侵犯，基本權的出現源自於人權。依據大法官釋字第400號解釋「憲法第十五條關於人民財產權應予保障之規定，旨在確保個人依財產之存續狀態行使其自由使用、收益及處分之權能，並免於遭受公權力或第三人之侵害，俾能實現個人自由、發展人格及維護尊嚴。……至國家因興辦公共事業或因實施國家經濟政策，雖得依法律規定徵收私有土地（參照土地法第二百零八條及第二百零九條），但應給予相當之補償，方符首開憲法保障財產權之意旨。」
政府或相關機構因公共需要徵收私有土地時，雖已有土地法、土地徵收條例等規範管制，但從近年來政府執行徵收時被徵收人層出不窮的自立救濟事件觀之，在法令規定上仍有許多不足處，究其原因，人民不單對政府所給予的損失補償發生質疑，甚且對其徵收程序的正當性及合法性亦常發生許多疑問，有鑑於此，本文以「程序基本權、程序正義」理論為基礎，就「行政程序法」觀點來剖析現行土地徵收程序，以減少政府機關違法徵收之行政處分比例及增加人民財產權的保障。同時亦希望藉由此研究結論，提供政府機關能以更周延方式取得公共建設用地，並對被徵收民眾之財產權的保障更為落實，進而能夠順利的推動各項公共建設。

關鍵字

程序基本權 ； 程序正義 ； 行政程序法 ； 土地徵收程序

並列摘要

To be a human being, the freedom of life and the equality in life is the most important thing. These are the gifted nature rights, which also mean that the dignity of human natures that is not allowed to be violated. The Fundamental Rights product from the human rights. In the interpretation of No.400 of Grand Justice J.Y.「he purpose of Article 15 of the Constitution, which provides that the people's property right shall be protected, is to guarantee each individual the freedom to exercise his/her rights to use, profit and dispose for the duration of the property, and to prevent the infringements from public power and other parties upon his/her freedoms, so that he/she may develop his/her personality and maintain his/her dignity.……To be consistent with the abovementioned constitutional protection of property rights, although the state, for setting up public enterprises or implementing national economic policies, according to law (See Articles 208 and 209 of the Land Act), might expropriate privately owned lands, it should compensate them fairly.」
By those cases that are solved problems by people themselves when government expropriate people from their land recently, the related laws and rules are little enough on administrative behaviors which attaint people’s property rights protected by the Constitution, though our government and public sector agency revise the related laws and rules, and compulsory expropriate those private lands on common demand under the provisions of the law such as the Land Law and the Land Expropriation Act. Because people not only dissatisfy the compensation but also distrust the procedure of land expropriation . The author adopts the viewpoint of the fundamental procedural rights and procedural justice to examine procedure of land expropriation reasonableness and legitimacy in Taiwan, and adopts the viewpoint of procedural justice in the Administrative Procedure Act to analyze procedure of land expropriation so that we may decrease the percentage of illegitimate administrative actions and increase the percentage of people’s property rights guarantees. Through the research, we hope we can find out another way for helping government to build a complete and reasonable system for the land expropriation. Finally, help government to push all kinds of public constructions smoothly.

並列關鍵字

fundamental procedural rights ； procedural justice ； procedure of land expropriation

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