- 學位論文
出於幻域 頓入人間：《聊齋誌異》空間的書寫與內在意蘊
Discourse on Spatial Writing and Intrinsic Disposition in Liaozhai Zhiyi
摘要
《聊齋誌異》繼承前人的創作特色，以融合志怪小說中實錄與虛構的筆法，創造出眾多真幻互攝的小說空間。誠如魯迅所言，蒲松齡以「傳奇」的筆法書寫怪異玄奇之事，而他界空間以「出於幻域，頓入人間」的特色，藉怪奇的表徵反映現實的人情與世態。這些小說空間兼容此界之「常」與他界之「非常」，寄託了蒲松齡的孤憤情志，亦展現其對現世的觀照與理想。 本論文探討《聊齋誌異》的空間類型與內在意蘊，試圖在前人集中探討人物類型、故事主題和他界情節的研究之外，以小說空間為主要研究對象，析論《聊齋誌異》中小說空間的類型及其創作手法，同時探討蒲松齡的創作意識與社會文化語境的關係，明晰文本中隱含的作者情志、集體思維和社會共相。 本論文分為五章： 第一章 緒論。本章以學者對《聊齋誌異》的評價和歷來對小說空間的探討出發，說明本文的研究核心。而後梳理歷來對《聊齋誌異》的研究，並突顯《聊齋誌異》研究中的空間意識。最後以前人文獻分析所得為基礎，擬定研究範疇與研究方法，進而確立本文的研究架構。 第二章 文言志怪的小說空間梳理。本章以文言志怪的重要分期：先秦至漢代典籍神話中的空間概念、魏晉南北朝的志怪與唐、宋、明間語怪述異的小說空間，依次討論小說空間在志怪脈絡中的承衍與轉化。藉由歷時性與共時性的交互探論，試圖勾勒各期小說空間的類型，以及其中隱含的作者情志與一時代的集體思維。 第三章 脫真與入幻：《聊齋誌異》之空間類型。承接上章，文言志怪小說發展至清代《聊齋誌異》，其小說空間的創設既有承衍之跡，亦有轉化之處。本章提取《聊齋誌異》中顯著的現實空間與他界空間，探究蒲松齡在前人的書寫成規中如何後出轉精，並在真幻互攝的小說空間中，寄喻一己之情志和呈顯當代文化語境。 第四章 掩蓋與揭密：《聊齋誌異》的感官敘事與空間主題。本章以人與小說空間的關係為核心焦點，探討人與空間的雙向關係──人物感知的小說空間與小說空間中的人物形象。藉由感官敘事、觀看的方式和人物的身體論述，探究人物視角中的小說空間呈顯何種樣貌，而小說空間中的人物在文本與當代文化語境中如何形塑與定位。最後，探討小說空間中隱含正義、禮教與情慾的主題，析論小說空間所反映蒲松齡的創作意識與社會的集體思維。 第五章 結論。歸結志怪書寫歷程中小說空間的承衍與傳化，並聚焦兩大點析論《聊齋誌異》小說空間對前人撰作的沿襲步軌和增寫改易。其一是《聊齋誌異》小說空間的類型及其創作手法，其二是小說空間反映人物、作者乃至整個時代和社會的心靈樣貌。最後，就本論文研究要點和可添補、開展之處，展開歸結與反思。
並列摘要
“Liaozhai Zhiyi” inherits the writing characteristics of previous literature that combines both reality and fiction writing of strange stories to create the fascinating novel space. As suggested by Lu Xun, Pu Sungling wrote these strange stories with the writing style of “legend” and based on the feature of “virtual reality” in the other world, these strange and exotic expressions reflected what happened in the real world. The tolerance of “normality” of the real world and “abnormality” in the other word portraits the cynicism of Pu as well as his perspectives toward the real world. This paper discusses the space type and implied contents of “Liaozhai Zhiyi” with the attempt to investigate novel space and analyze the creation method in the novel besides the discussion on character type, story theme, and the scenario in the other world found in literature review. At the same time, the relationship between consciousness of creation of Pu as well as social and cultural context is explored to illustrate implied author discourse, collective thinking, and social interrelation. This paper consists of five sections: Section 1 Introduction that describes the core of this study and literature review of “Liaozhai Zhiyi” to point out space consciousness in the study of “Liaozhai Zhiyi” In the end of this section, based on literature review, study scope and method is determined to build the research structure. Section 2 Presents spatial arrangement of novels of strange stories. This section describes important stages of space development in the novels of strange stories from Pre-Qin Dynasty and Han, Wei and North South Dynasty, to Tang, Sung, and Ming Dynasty to discuss the heritage and transformation of novel space in the context of strange stories. With the progressive and concurrent cross discussion, this study attempts to portrait space type in each dynasty, implied author discourse, and collective thinking of the time. Section 3 Virtual and Reality examines Space type of “Liaozhai Zhiyi” According to the previous section, from the development from the novel of strange stories to “Liaozhai Zhiyi” in Qing Dynasty, clearly heritage and transformation can be traced. This section points out significant space of reality and other world to explore transformation made by Pu and the presentation of author discourse and cultural context of the time in the virtual and reality novel space. Section 4 describes Disguise and Disclosure: sensual narration and body power of “Liaozhai Zhiyi” This section focuses on the bi-relationship between characters and novel space- novel space of character senses and character image of novel space. Through sensual narration, observation, and body discourse of characters, this study examines the presentation of novel space as well as the text and cultural context that shapes and positions characters. In the end, themes such as implied justice and ritual education are examined to analyze novel space that reflects the consciousness of creation of Pu and collective thinking of the society. Section 5 Conclusion, summaries heritage and transformation of strange stories during the development procedure and focuses on two point to address novel space of “Liaozhai Zhiyi” to indicate the heritage trace and adaption of previous works. The first one is space type and creation method used in the space of “Liaozhai Zhiyi” and the second one illustrates the social spirit of characters, the author, and the time reflected from novel space. Finally, conclusion and reflection is conducted in terms of research points, improvement, and deployment of this paper.