旁門左道一詞在傳統文獻和社會中是耳熟能詳的慣用語,經常用來比喻不遵循正規的途徑、法門之事,不過究竟所指為何似乎範圍廣泛,很難立刻說明清楚。從傳統典籍《禮記.王制》來看,似乎左道意指的是有關破壞政治秩序之事,東漢鄭玄注本句時則將之理解為巫蠱一類鬼神莫測之事。而在唐、清二代人的詮釋中,左道又有別於漢代鄭玄,顯見左道一詞在解釋上相當複雜,因此欲瞭解左道所指範圍便仍須從史例中進行分析。 透過研究史書提及的漢代十四個左道例子中,漢人對左道的論述、形容、貶損和運用,可以觀察出存在於漢代知識份子心目中理想秩序之「道」中的幾個小面向,即鬼神之道、臣子之道和婦人之道的行為準則,而這些行為很少單獨出現,在一個案例中往往同時存在有兩種以上的道的面向。因此在嘗試理解漢代左道時便不能僅以單一面向來解釋相關事件的前因後果,否則容易流於只見左道的單一義解釋,而未能全面的理解左道一詞中所彰顯出的「道」的概念。故本論文希望透過全面的排比分析漢代被冠上左道一語的事件,來理解何謂「左道」,同時藉此研究在漢人的認知中是如何運用左道、被稱為左道者將面對的下場又是如何,並藉由漢代其他無左道之名,但是是祝詛、巫蠱、媚道、俗禁和淫祀等等相關事件的參照,更加全面和廣泛的研究「漢代的左道」。
The word of Zuo Dao in the traditional literature and society are well-down, often compare to all sorts of back doors, but what its meaning is difficult explanation immediately. From The Book of Rites(禮記), it seems that the meaning is about the destruction of heretical political order of things, but the scribes of confucianism in Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan(鄭玄), will be understood as a kind of Witchcraft spirits and unpredictable things. And the scribes of confucianism's annotation in the Tang and Qing dynasty, the meaning of Zuo Dao also different from Zheng Xuan. It's showing that the interpretation of the term Zuo Dao quite complex, so if we want to understand the meaning, we have to analyze historical examples. By studying the 14 historical examples in the Han historical records, through analysis of the Han how to discussion, describe, and use of derogatory, we can observe the values in the minds of intellectuals that are view of religion, female virtues and the virtues of minister. These values rarely occur alone, in one case often exist in two or more. Therefore, for trying to understand Zuo Dao in Han dynasty, we can't use single value to explained some related events, or we will not fully understanding the meaning of Zuo Dao and the 3 values. I hope this paper through comprehensive analysis of the phrase and related events that not be called Zuo Dao in Han, to understand the meaning, while the Han how to use the phrase, and the law and punishment how to order some people are considered to commit Zuo Dao.