擄人勒贖犯罪集團特徵與標的選擇歷程之研究

An Empirical Study on The Characteristics and Target Selection of Kidnapping Group Members

黃國師(Kuo-Shih Huang)

指導教授 ： 許春金教授

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

本研究的目的是針對觸犯刑法擄人勒贖罪章之犯罪集團，為何選擇以擄人方式做為勒索財富工具？該犯罪集團係如何形成、有何特徵？以及選擇被害標的歷程為何？等方面進行研究。
本研究採質性研究訪談法，先對6位曾涉及擄人勒贖案件之犯罪者做面對面開放性深度訪談後，再運用Winmax軟體將訪談資料逐一鍵入程式中，運用該軟體邏輯分析功能，演繹歸納出主題概念與架構，並以各犯罪學理論為基礎，解釋各階段犯案決意及經過情形。
透過資料分析得知，擄人勒贖犯罪手法都是透過學習而來，行為人對自我犯行更有一套合理化說詞，會決意犯案是理性選擇結果，而選定下手被害目標除了因為被害人日常生活型態缺乏監控機制，更重要是集團成員低自我控制能力的因素。
研究結果發現，擄人勒贖犯罪集團具有以下特性：一、如變形蟲形態般之犯罪集團組織。二、集團成員具「三低」特性。三、犯罪集團組成有一定流程。四、犯案歷程屬縝密規畫之計畫性預謀犯案型態。另從被害人被害經過發現具有以下特性：一、被害人具有「三高」特性。二、加害人知悉被害人。另從犯罪手法分析發現擄人勒贖犯罪有以下特徵：一、運用高科技犯罪工具。二、嚴刑峻罰未必有效。
因此，提出以下芻議：一、在預防犯罪策略作為方面：(一)、持續發展犯罪模式評估標準，建立犯罪模式資料庫。(二)、建議社會大眾採行VIVA生活策略模式。(三)、強化預防與控制機制，採行情境犯罪預防理論策略。二、在精進偵查技巧作為方面：(一)、勿過度依賴傳統辦案技巧。(二)、整合性科技辦案設備使用。三、在與新聞媒體互動策略上，應採取以下策略：(一)、避免媒體過度渲染犯罪手法，模仿犯罪情節。(二)、發揮媒體宣導教育功能。

關鍵字

擄人勒贖 ； 犯罪集團 ； 理性選擇 ； 社會控制

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is intended to explore why the criminal gang for kidnapping has chosen to kidnap a person for ransom, how to form its organization and what is its characteristics, and the process of choosing the victim target.

This study was implemented by adopting the in-depth interviewing of qualitative research to face-to-face interview six offenders involving with kidnapping case, then to key interview data into the program provided by Winmax software for performing the logical analysis in order to induce the thematic concept and structure, and further reveal the offender’s intention and the process of his/her committing of a crime of every phase grounded on the theories of criminality.

The results of data analysis can be summarized as: Most of criminal techniques for kidnapping derive from learning, and kidnappers can always rationalize their commitment, whose intention of committing a crime comes from the rational choice and whose decision in hunting the victim target is subject to a loose and unwatchful way of living of the victim and low self-control of the gang membership.

There are several key discoveries of this study in the characteristics of the criminal gang for kidnapping as follows: 1. an amoeba-like organization of criminal gang; 2. there are “three low” characteristics of the gang membership; 3. A systematic flowchart of engaging in a criminal act; and 4. premeditated crime with meticulous planning. There are also some discoveries in the characteristics of the victim in kidnapping case as follows: 1. there are “three high” characteristics of the victim; 2. the inflictor is acquainted with the victim. In addition, from the perspective of criminal technique, the characteristics of the kidnapping crime include as followings: 1. the exercise of high-tech guilty tools; and 2. a severe law can not fully guarantee the effect of crime prevention.

The following are suggestions which are made grounded on the study:

1.In the strategy of crime prevention:
(1)Continuous development of the assessment standard of criminal model to support the establishment of databank for criminal model.
(2)Adopting the VIVA living way
(3)Strengthening the mechanism of prevention and supervision to achieve the goal of situational crime prevention.
2.In the improvement of investigation technique:
(1)Never leaning on traditional techniques in handling a case too much.
(2)Handling a case with the use of integrated scientific equipment and techniques.
3.In the tactics of an interaction with journalism and media:
(1)To prevent the imitation of criminal circumstances from excessive exaggeration of criminal technique.
(2)To exalt the educational function of media through propaganda.

並列關鍵字

Kidnapping for ransom ； criminal gang ； rational choice ； social control

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