社會資本與政治課責:台灣實證研究

Social Capital and Political Accountability: An Empirical Study of Taiwan

張家豪(JIA-HAO ZHANG)

指導教授 ： 張文俊

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/財政學系/碩士(2015年)

摘要

臺灣歷經解除戒嚴與政黨輪替，政治體制已經由專制轉變為民主，但是公務人員、民意機構與政治首長的舞弊事件仍然不時耳聞，然而隨著體制越來越開放及民主，人民之間的社會網絡會越來越密集，人民可以藉由社會網絡，逐漸培養人際之間的相互信任、共同規範與共同的態度意識，而人際間的信任、共同規範與共同的態度，在文獻中是構成社會資本的核心要素，當國家逐漸累積社會資本存量，可以減少信息、人力與社會成本，民眾也能藉由社會資本的力量迅速掌握訊息，並藉由此力量快速地號召群眾，形成一股力量藉由體制內的政治參與懲罰不適任的政府官員。

本研究以東亞民主調查第三波調查之問卷為本研究之資料。找出能夠衡量政治課責以及社會資本之變項，而社會資本按照文獻定義可以分為：「一般化信任程度」、「一般化態度與價值觀」以及「社團參與程度」，試圖探討社會資本對政治課責的影響。並採取Ordered Logit 之估計方法進行分析。

實證結果顯示，社會資本能夠提升政治課責。其中一般化的信任程度能使政府更注重民意提高政府的施政品質與效率。一般化的態度與價值觀以及社團參與能夠使得政府更加注重民意。年齡、教育程度與所得皆與政治課責呈現正相關。

關鍵字

社會資本 ； 政治課責

並列摘要

After the lifting of martial law in 1987, the political system in Taiwan has transformed from authoritarianism to democracy. But the corruptions of politicians, government officers, congressman, and political leaders are still heard from time to time. Along with the transformation of political system to democracy, social network of the society also becomes more intense. Through social networking, the mutual trust among people and social norms are continuously developed and cultivated, and these important elements constitute the so-called social capital. When a country has a higher level of social capital, it can reduce costs of information exchange and communication, and as a result it reduces social costs. By the functions of social capital that enhance people’s engagements in politics, corruptive politician and government officials can be punished.

Using the data drawn from Asian Barometer Survey of Democracy, Governance and Development, this study investigates the relationship between social capital and political accountability in Taiwan. According to previous literature, the types of social capital are classified into generalized trust, generalized attitudes and norms, and community participation. Subsequently, the impacts of social capital on political accountability are explored. Using the method of ordered logit estimation, the empirical results show that social capital can enhance the political accountability.

並列關鍵字

Political accountability ； Social capital

參考文獻

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