越南2002至2010年間區域生產力差異之初步研究

A Preliminary Research on The Disparities of Regional Productivity in Vietnam From 2002 to 2010

李紅福(Le Hong Phuc)

指導教授 ： 王千岳

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/城市治理英語碩士學位學程/碩士(2015年)

摘要

許多國家都有生產力在空間中分佈不均的現象，而在越南也不例外。受到內生以及外生變數的影響，造成不同區域間有不同的特性。也由於不同因素對於區域生產力差異的影響，對於越南政府當局而言，最重要卻也最艱難的任務是確立這個議題並且針對不同區域提出政策，發展經濟系統以邁向工業化與現代化的進程。
這項研究運用都市經濟的理論，解釋了生產力與聚集效果之間的關聯性(Combes et al. 2010, Ciccone and Hall 1996, and Ciccone 2002)。採用可視化的方法，像是以主題地圖的呈現描述和空間不均相關的特定現象。此外，運用空間自迴歸模型（the spatial autoregressive model）以及空間誤差模型（the spatial error model）以估計應變數（尤其是展現在2002至2010年間越南的人均工資，在此一期間是越南自1986年革新後越南經濟蓬勃發展的時期）與解釋變數（就業密度或勞動力的集聚效果）之間的關聯性。
實證結果顯示在空間自迴歸模型中增加1％的就業密度將顯著的造成0.327％（2002年）、0.26％（2006年）以及0.264％（2010年）勞工工資的提升。另外，在空間誤差模型中增加1％的就業密度可以提高0.418％（2002年）、0.321％（2006年）和0.295％（2010年）的勞工工資。因此，本研究的實證結果顯示在控制工資變數的空間外溢效果之下，經濟活動在區域當中的聚集會顯著地增加該地區的工資水準。

關鍵字

薪資差距 ； 勞動生產力 ； 集聚效果

並列摘要

Productivity disparity has occurred in a lot of countries and Vietnam is no exception. It creates various features among different regions, impacted by endogenous and exogenous variables. Because of the influences of different elements on regional productivity inequality, determining this issue is the most important and difficult mission for authorities of Vietnam for proposing policies for each region in order to develop an economic system moving toward industrialization and modernization.
This research has drawn on the theories of urban economics (Combes et al. 2010, Ciccone and Hall 1996, and Ciccone 2002), which explain the linkage between productivity and agglomeration effects, and employed visualization approaches such as thematic mappings that describe certain phenomena related to spatial inequality. In addition, the spatial autoregressive model and the spatial error model have been applied to estimate the relationship between dependent variable (particularly wage per capita in Vietnam during 2002 - 2010, a flourishing period of Vietnam economy after the renovation in 1986) and explanatory variable (employment density or agglomeration effects of labor force).
Empirical results suggest that increasing of employment density by 1 percent will significantly cause a 0.327 percent (2002), 0.26 percent (2006) and 0.264 percent (2010) increase of the labor wage in the spatial lag model and 1 percent increase for labor density can increase the labor wage 0.418 percent (2002), 0.321 percent (2006) and 0.295 percent (2010) in the spatial error model. Therefore, the empirical results of this research do suggest that the agglomeration of economic activities in a region will increase the wage level of this region given controlling for spatial spillover effects of wage variable.

並列關鍵字

Agglomeration effects ； Labor Productivity ； Wage Disparity

參考文獻

Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial econometrics: Methods and models. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, NL.

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Ciccone, A. (2002). Agglomeration effects in Europe. European Economic Review 46: 213227.

Cliff, A.D. and Ord, J.K. (1981), Spatial Processes, London: Pion.