民事訴訟法上第三審上訴理由之研究

A Study of the Grounds to Bring an Appeal to the Third Instance under Civil Procedure Law

吳俊緯(Chun-Wei Wu)

指導教授 ： 吳從周

國立臺北大學/法律學院/法律學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

如何減輕第三審上訴法院之負擔，向來為各國所重視之問題，其主要方法即為限制第三審上訴。我國民事訴訟法第四百六十七條規定，涉及第三審上訴制度之性質與目的、第三審與第二審上訴之界限，以及第三審上訴理由之限制等問題。同法第四百六十八條與第四百六十九條各款規定事由應如何解釋適用，攸關當事人如何據以提起第三審上訴之問題。凡此問題於我國學說及實務上解釋並非完全一致，而有加以研究之必要。本文參酌德日學說與我國學說實務見解予以比較研究，藉此期望第三審上訴理由之解釋適用能更為明朗。本論文之主要架構分為七章，以下就各章之主要內容為說明：
第一章「緒論」係對於論文題目之研究動機、研究範圍與方法，以及論文之主要架構加以說明。第二章「第三審上訴制度之立法沿革、性質與目的」從第三審上訴制度之沿革談起，尤其是德國、日本以及我國民事訴訟法關於限制第三審上訴之立法經過為基本介紹；其次說明第三審上訴制度之性質為何，與第二審上訴制度之性質有何不同；最後探討第三審上訴制度之目的為何。第三章「法律問題與事實問題之區分」主要係在說明第三審上訴與第二審上訴之界限，亦即關於法律問題與事實問題之區分，德國、日本及我國學說上之見解為何；再者，探討法律問題或事實問題之爭議情形，究應採何種看法較妥。第四章「相對上訴理由」首先說明本文將第三審上訴理由區分為「相對上訴理由」與「絕對上訴理由」，其區別標準為何；接著闡述屬於「相對上訴理由」之「一般的違背法令」以及「判決不備理由或理由矛盾」應如何解釋適用之問題。第五章「絕對上訴理由」係針對民事訴訟法上之五款「絕對上訴理由」，亦即「判決法院之組織不合法者」、「依法律或依裁判應迴避之法官參與裁判者」、「法院於權限之有無辨別不當或違背專屬管轄之規定者」、「當事人於訴訟未經合法代理者」以及「違背言詞辯論公開之規定者」此五款事由，應如何解釋適用加以論述。第六章「第三審上訴理由與再審事由之關係」在探討由於第三審上訴制度與再審制度二者目的不同，於再審之補充性下，再審事由是否皆得作為第三審上訴理由之問題。第七章「結論」將本文主要研究之重點加以彙整，提出本文研究之總結。

關鍵字

第三審上訴 ； 判決違背法令 ； 當然違背法令 ； 法律問題 ； 事實問題 ； 相對上訴理由 ； 絕對上訴理由 ； 法院組織 ； 法官迴避 ； 審判權 ； 專屬管轄 ； 代理 ； 言詞辯論公開 ； 不備理由 ； 理由矛盾

並列摘要

How to alleviate the burden on the Third Instance Court has always been taken seriously by all countries, and the main approach is to limit the appeal to the third instance. Our country’s Civil Procedure Law, Article 467, stipulates rules involving the nature and purpose of the third instance, the boundary between the third instance and the second instance, and restrictions on the grounds to bring an appeal to the third instance. Article 468 and 469 of the same law regulate how the subject should be explained and applied, which concerns the parties regarding how to file the appeal to the third instance. Our country’s theoretical and practical interpretations on this issue nevertheless are not entirely consistent, it is necessary to research into it. This paper takes references to the Germany and Japanese theories and takes into account our own theories and practical insights for a comparative study, in the hope that explanation and application on the grounds to bring an appeal to the third instance can be made clearer. This paper is composed of seven chapters, the contents of which are briefly described in following paragraphs:
Chapter 1 – "Introduction", the motivation, scope and method of this search as well as the text structure of this paper.
Chapter 2 – "The Legislative Evolution, the Nature and Purpose of the Third Instance System", which begins with the historical evolution of the third instance system, particularly focusing on introducing the process of legislation to restrict the appeal to the third instance undertaken in the civil procedure laws of Germany, Japan, and our country. Then, it comes with the description of the nature of the third instance system, and its differences from the nature of the second instance system. In the end, the purpose of the third instance system is discussed.
Chapter 3 – "Distinction between Legal Issues and Factual Issues", the boundary between the third instance and the second instance is explained; the theoretical views of Germany, Japan and our country regarding the distinction between legal issues and factual issues; and the disputes over whether it is the legal issue or the factual issue are further exploited to find a better way to view it.
Chapter 4 – "Relative Grounds of Appeal", the first described is that this paper divides the grounds of the appeal to the third instance into "Relative Grounds of Appeal" and "Absolute Grounds of Appeal", and also described is the basis of the division; followed by elaboration on how to explain and apply the "Relative Grounds of Appeal", which are "general contravention of the laws and regulations" and "the judgment does not provide reasons or provides contradictory reasons".
Chapter 5 – "Absolute Grounds of Appeal", the discussion of how to explain and apply the five clauses of "Absolute Grounds of Appeal" of the civil procedure law, which are "the Court Is Not Organized in Conformity with the Laws ", "a judge who should have disqualified himself/herself by operation of law or by decision has participated in making the decision", "the court lacks the subject matter jurisdiction or acts in violation of exclusive jurisdiction", "the parties are not legally represented in the action" and "the court violates the provision that the oral argument should be open to the public".
Chapter 6 – "The Relationship between the Grounds of the Appeal to the Third Instance and the Rehearing Reasons", the difference of purposes between the third instance system and the rehearing system is probed. And the issues of whether the rehearing reason has to be the ground to bring an appeal to the third instance are also discussed.
Chapter 7 – "Conclusion", the consolidation of the focuses of the research, and the conclusion of the research.

並列關鍵字

Appeal to the Third Instance ； Judgment in Contravention of the Laws and Regulations ； Automatically Held in Contravention of the Laws and Regulations ； Legal Issues ； Factual Issues ； Relative Grounds of Appeal ； Absolute Grounds of Appeal ； Court Organization ； Disqualification of Judge ； Jurisdiction ； Exclusive Jurisdiction ； Representation ； Oral Argument Should Be Open to the Public ； Judgment without Reasons ； Contradictory Reasons

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