地方民意代表參與對守望相助隊運作之影響─以臺北市士林區為例

The impact of the involvement of local politicians in the neighborhood watch programs : A case study of Shilin District Taipei City

徐少聰(Shao-Tsung Hsu)

指導教授 ： 周愫嫻

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

守望相助是我國傳統的美德，運用民力來協助社區維護治安工作，自83年內政部推動守望相助再出發方案後，巡守組織如雨後春筍的成立，政府為此已投入大量經費，但其運作功能是否如預期般對社區具有防範犯罪成效，值得進一步研究，尤其類此「社區組織」在選舉上，已成為候選人聚焦之目標，為厚值選舉實力，無不競相參與該組織活動，但針對地方民意代表參與所產生的影響所進行的實證研究，尚屬少數，有鑑於此，乃取樣全國政經中心的台北市且幅員最遼闊，人口最多，區內生活水平差異大，住、商、農、工混雜的士林區為研究樣本，深入訪問了社子地區10個與守望相助工作有關的民間人士及政府部門人員，企圖瞭解（一）根據「情境犯罪預防理論」、「破窗理論」、「集體安全理論」目前守望相助隊運作之模式是否能發揮預期預防犯罪功能。（二）地方民意代表有無參與對守望相助運作有無差異性及是否會影響當地居民對社區安全的看法。

關鍵字

守望相助 ； 社區巡守隊 ； 地方民意代表

並列摘要

Thesis synopsis content:
Neighborhood watch is a traditional virtue of our county. Civilian force is utilized to assist the public security of the community. After the Ministry of the Interior brought out the Neighborhood Restart Plan in 1994, the establishment of patrol organization mushroomed like bamboo shoots after a spring rain. For this purpose, the government put in a lot of funds. However, it is worthwhile to conduct further research on whether its operation function can provide crime prevention result on the community as expected. Especially in election campaign, topic similar to 「Community Organization」 has become the campaign target that candidate will focus on. In order to enhance the strength of election campaign, candidate would strive to participate in the activity of such organization. However, empirical study on the effect generated from the participation by local people’s representative is very little. In view of this, Taipei that is the center of politics and economics in the country is selected and from this Shihlin District is the target of research as this area is most broad, its population is the largest and the difference of living standard in the district is large with mixture of residence, commerce, agriculture and industry. In-depth interview is conducted on ten civil personage and government department personnel relevant to neighborhood watch work in Shezi Area. The intention is to understand: (1) whether the present neighborhood watch squad operation model at present can bring the crime prevention function into full play as expected according to the「Sentimental State Crime Prevention Theory」, 「Broken Window Theory」 and 「Collective Security Theory」. (2) Whether there is difference on the operation of neighborhood watch with or without participation by local people’s representative and whether there is effect on the point of view on community safety by local residents.

Findings of this research are: (1) the government, police, important personage in the community and community residents can all be benefited from the establishment of neighborhood watch squad; (2) the works of the neighborhood watch squad are all inclusive but these are mainly public security matters. In principle, main works are patrol and duty watch and these can bring the function of crime prevention into full play and can enhance the interaction between police and residents because they can be more familiar with each other. In addition, other problems of the community can easily be solved. However, in regard to whether there is any participation by people’s representative there is not much difference on its work contents and duty service time（3）For the duty service time of the patrolman, mostly this has to cope with the after hours of the squad members and therefore duty service is mostly conducted in the evening. As a result this is not easy to cope with the public security requirement. （4）The government should assist in solving the shortage of fund of neighborhood watch squad, difficulty in the cancellation after verification and the problem that equipment are outdated and insufficient. （5）Neighborhood watch squad that its recruitment and establishment is initiated by local people’s representative has advantage of possession of people’s opinion, administrative resource and fund compared with squad established without initiation by people’s representative.（6）In regard to participation by local councilor, neighborhood watch squad has an attitude of 「welcome on one side but fear of being hurt on the other」. （7）Whether the neighborhood watch squad is established by neighborhood head or non-neighborhood head, this is helpful in public security and the general public are more willing to be concerned with community matters. However, the effect on burglary prevention by neighborhood squad established by neighborhood head is more significant.

According to the findings of this research, this research suggests how to enable the neighborhood watch squad to bring more functions into full play such as: (1) establish the fund subsidy system by following the example of volunteer police, civil defense and volunteer traffic police that is based on administrative district as the unit. The neighborhood watch squad in the administration district shall be organized as one large squad and for medium squad or small squad under the jurisdiction of various neighborhoods, the police department shall establish budget to provide subsidy.
（2）Incorporation of the neighborhood watch squad by establishing community organization. Social group can be established according to 「People’s Group Act」.The 「Organization Regulation of Various District Offices of Taipei City」 shall be amended to cope with this so as to solve suspension of operation due to change of neighborhood heads and donation from the civilian sector.（3）Combine with local gentry and people’ representative to participate as apart from manifesting the importance of neighborhood watch, this can also provide a win-win situation due to achievement of political goal.（4）Enhance coordination and liaison with police so as to allow participants to realize that neighborhood watch is to work with police together instead of working for the police. Both parties will jointly find out social problems and solve problems and this is a community police administration method based on trust as the foundation.

並列關鍵字

neighborhood watch ； citizen patrols ； local politicians

參考文獻

孟維德1997〈社區警政與犯罪預防〉。《中國行政評論》10（1）：181-210

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