被害衝擊情狀影響性侵害犯罪事實認定之研究－以軍事法院判決為例－

The admission of victim impact on conviction of sex offenses：A case study of court-martials

蔣明吉(Ming-Chi Chiang)

指導教授 ： 周愫嫻

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本研究目的為從性侵害被害人因被害衝擊所生之創傷後壓力症候群及創傷羈絆依賴現象，探索軍事法院對性侵害犯罪事實認定之之影響力。經由參與觀察軍事法院、選任（指定）辯護人及被告、以證人身分出庭之被害人等三方在公判庭中之表現，並從國防部軍法知識管理平台檢索性侵害、創傷後壓力症候群等字詞，尋找與本文主題有關之判決，分析判決理由，並以訪談其他軍事審判官回溯其審理期間之心證形成，並附帶訪談專責辦理性侵害案件之軍事檢察官，瞭解其心證形成歷程，並相互對照。
本文發現被害衝擊對承辦軍事審判官（軍事檢察官）心證形成並無明確作用，然正負作用參半，顯見在法庭上表現之被害衝擊事證，仍因法官自由心證該案證據證明力而異其見解。且本文發現法官審理性侵害案件時，有以下六特點：（一）主觀判斷證據證明力、（二）經驗法則迷思、（三）理論實務落差、（四）犯罪心理概念糾葛不清、（五）未落實性侵害法規、（六）擅斷專業機構鑑定等闕漏。本研究建議未來軍事法院宜（一）強化審判官性侵害犯罪及被害者學理論基礎、（二）跳脫審判官個人主觀經驗與法律專業知識框架、（三）透過進修提升專業職能、（四）認真看待專業機關鑑定評估等方向，策進未來審判作為，增加個案定罪率，保障被害人權益，落實公平正義。

關鍵字

被害衝擊 ； 被害震撼證詞 ； 性侵害 ； 創傷後壓力症候群

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of post stress disorder and traumatic bonding dependency of sex offence victims on court-martials in determining sex offences. The author observed activities in the hearing of court-martial, including the performance of defense attorneys, defendants and victim witnesses, checked and analyzed related court-martial decisions from National Defense Ministry’s “Military Law Knowledge Management Platform” searched by key words “sex offence”, “post stress disorder” and so on, interviewed military prosecutors and judges to discover how they made such charges and decisions.
This study found no clear effect of victim on judgments of sex offence cases. However, victim impact has either a positive or negative effects on the final decision depending on how judges weigh it as evidence. In addition, this study also discovered that, when judges try the sex offence cases, there are 6 features which appear to be relevant 1) the strength of evidence weighed by subjective judgment, 2) the rule of experience, 3) gap between theories and practice, 4) lack of criminal psychology knowledge, 5) sex offence related rules and regulations not fully implemented, 6) forensic agencies’ arbitrary opinions. This study suggest improvements as follows: 1) improve judge’s knowledge on the basic theories of sex offending and victimology, 2) deal with sex offence cases not based on subjective personal experience and legal knowledge only, 3) further education to develop expertise, 4) take professional assessment seriously to improve future trial procedure, increase conviction rate, protect rights of victims and uphold justice.

並列關鍵字

Victim impact ； Victim impact statement ； Sex offense ； Post traumatic stress disorder

參考文獻

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