學校可及性對兒童學習表現之影響－臺北縣坪林國小之實證分析

School accessibility effects on children learning performances：An empirical study on Pinglin Elementary School in Taipei Country

黃韻潔(Yun-Chieh-Huang)

指導教授 ： 林楨家

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/都市計劃研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

台灣近年來因出生率降低，導致人口成長趨緩，造成長期結構性的改變，產生許多重要的問題待解決，在教育方面，學齡兒童的人數減少，致使許多學校發生減班或廢校的現象。學校可及性是指藉由特運輸系統提供之服務，以克服空間阻隔因素，從居住地到達學校的便捷程度，過去國內已有一些研究探討教育資源與學習表現在城鄉之間的差異，然而卻忽略學校可及性對於學習表現的影響，在其它國家，雖然基於避免社會排除問題而對學校可及性進行問題探討與策略規劃，但具體的調查研究也非常少，由於國小學童的旅運能力較弱，因此，有必要針對國小學童的學校可及性與學習表現間之關係進行深入研究。
　　本研究目的在實證分析學校可及性對於兒童學習表現的影響，以台北縣坪林國小為研究對象，透過問卷調查獲得樣本資料，並運用線性迴歸模式、負二項迴歸模式、次序logit模式等方法，分析學校可及性對學習態度、學習行為以及學業成就之影響。實證分析結果發現，學校可及性對於學習態度之「導師評量學童碰到問題能獨立蒐集並整理資料找答案」、「學童自我評量上課的專心程度」、學習行為之「學童對於導師提出要求達成度」、「每天回家後預習和複習功課的時間」、「請假天數」以及學業成就之「九十八學年度第一學期第二次段考評量總分的平均等第」皆呈現顯著的負向影響，但對於「學童自我評量喜歡上學的程度」則有顯著正向的影響。
　　最後依據實證結果，本研究研擬土地使用部門、交通運輸部門以及學校教育部門等城鄉發展規劃之相關策略，分別為(1)藉由鄉村地區的土地使用規劃與管制，朝集村發展，同時改善農牧就業者的旅運機動能力；(2)增加行經學校交通車班次，提升大眾運輸服務品質與兒童獨自搭乘的機會；(3)偏遠地區可提供需求回應運輸系統，彌補大眾運輸系統不足之處；(4)偏遠地區之學校延後上學時間；以及(5)鼓勵企業資助或認養偏遠地區之學校與學童，輔導轉型為地方特色學校。

關鍵字

學校可及性 ； 兒童 ； 學習表現

並列摘要

Declining birth rates in recent years have led to a slow population growth in Taiwan. Such long-term structural changes produce many important issues to be resolved. In the education aspect, a reduction of the number of school-age children forces increasing school to decrease classes or even to abolish schools. The school accessibility means the travel convenience level of overcoming the barriers between residences and schools by transportation services. There were a number of domestic researches exploring the differences between education resources and learning performances while neglecting the school accessibility effects on learning performances. In other countries, carrying out studies and strategic planning of school accessibility is based on avoiding the problem of social exclusion, but specific investigation is almost absent. Because primary school children are weak on travel ability, it’s necessary to do in-depth study of the relationships between school accessibility and learning performances for elementary school children.
　　The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the influences of school accessibility on children learning performances in Pinglin Elementary School. The sample data were obtained through questionnaire survey. Various econometric methods including linear regression model, negative binomial regression model and ordered logit model were employed to analyze the accessibility effects on learning attitude, learning behavior and study achievement. The results of this study indicate that school accessibility negatively affects learning attitude including “a student’s ability of searching and collecting data to find out answers independently evalusted by teachers ,” and “a student’s concentration levels in classes evaluated by him(her)self,” learning behaviors including “a student’s ability of achieving requirements by teachers,” “the length of time for a student to preview and review lessons after school,” “days of asking for leave from school” and study achievement of “ the ranking of the second exam for the first semester in 2009 school year,” but it positively affects the learning attitude of “ how a student likes going to school evalusted by him(her)self.”
　　According to the empirical results, this study recommends the following strategies for land-use, transportation and education planning sectors: (1) aiming at the goal of intensive village development through land-use planning and regulation, while improving the transportation mobility for farming workers; (2) increasing the frequency of school bus services to elevate transit service qualities and the likelihood for children to travel independently; (3) providing the demand response transportation system to make up the inadequacy of transit service; (4) deferring students’ arrival time to school in rural areas; and, (5) encouraging enterprises to finance or adopt the schools and students in rural areas, and counseling remote schools to transform themselves into the schools with distinguishing features.

並列關鍵字

School accessibility ； children ； learning performances

參考文獻

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