- 學位論文
銀行外部及營業大廳裝修設計對搶劫之情境預防成效
The effects of Bank interior and surrounding area design on the Bank Robbery Prevention: A Situational Crime Prevention Perspective
摘要
銀行如遭到搶劫，對置身銀行搶案現場之職員、顧客及警衛之生命安全皆可能造成重大之威脅，並且對銀行之商譽也是一大傷害。因此，如果銀行裝修在情境預防上能有嚇阻銀行搶劫意願效果，進而預防或抑制銀行搶案。那麼將可避免因銀行搶劫造成的生命及財產損失，日後可作為銀行實體安全規劃及警政機關制定金融機構實體安全法規或政策之參考。 本研究係針對國內某一外商銀行共41家分行之銀行管理者行員、銀行監護者警衛及潛在犯罪者顧客以問卷調查方式，探討銀行裝修在情境預防犯罪的策略上是否能一、增加犯罪的困難度二、提升犯罪的風險而能達到嚇阻銀行搶劫意願的效果。總共發放問卷287份，回收有效問卷為280份，有效回收率為97.56％，再以SPSS分析軟體進行二因子混合設計變異數分析（Two-way Mixed Design ANOVA）對所得資料進行分析及探討。 研究結果發現： 一、在增加犯罪的困難度 （一）各身分別皆認為在這些裝修以旋轉門、交易櫃台高度約120cm高、交易櫃台安裝隔離玻璃窗、櫃台前有堅固之椅子而櫃台高約90公分、交易櫃台離出入口較遠對嚇阻搶劫意願有顯著及最好之效果。 （二）分行行員及顧客皆認為交易櫃台無鄰接其他足以協助跨越交易櫃台之裝置對嚇阻搶劫意願有較好及顯著的效果，但監護者警衛卻認為無差異。 二、在提升犯罪的風險 （一）各身分別皆認為在這些裝修向度以有張貼防搶預防宣導文宣、銀行安裝較多攝影機之數量、銀行安裝攝影機採明式、銀行是單出入口對嚇阻搶劫意願效果有顯著及最好之效果。 （二）分行行員及顧客皆認為有無自然監控對嚇阻搶劫意願效果無顯著之差異。警衛反而認為無自然監控對嚇阻搶劫動機的效果較好及顯著。 根據以上研究結果，本研究之建議為： 一、銀行應將分行行員、警衛及顧客一致認為對嚇阻搶劫意願有最顯著及最好效果的九項設施融入裝修設計中。 二、銀行如果有預算之限制或其他不可避免之理由而無法將九項最顯著及最好效果的設施全部施作時，應主要以犯罪潛在者顧客所認為的重要順序，作為施作順序的考量。 三、警衛應多加強及注意1.交易櫃台鄰接矮櫃台或其他足以協助跨越交易櫃台之裝置2.交易櫃台區的監控。 四、警察應可更扮演好銀行安全上級指導員之角色、提供正確犯罪預防知識進而結合銀行的資源，預防或抑制銀行搶案。 關鍵詞：銀行、搶劫、錄影監控系統、防衛空間、自然監控
並列摘要
Bank robbery is not only one of the major threats to safety of staffs, customers and guards, but also a big damage to business reputation of a bank. Therefore, it could deter intention of bank robbery if preventive scenario is applied to bank renovation, and could further prevent bank robbery, and life and/or property loss caused by bank robbery will be avoided. This renovation guidelines based on Situational Crime Prevention perspective could not only be a reference for physical security planning of banks and the security police for financial institutions. The current study collected data from bank administrators – staffs, bank guardians – guards and potential criminals – customers of one bank with foreign investment totaling 41 branches in Taiwan. A survey was employed to explore if the strategies of bank renovation scenario could increase difficulty and risk in committing bank robbery. 280 valid surveys were collected and analyzed with 2-way ANOVA mixed design The results indicated: 1. Difficulty in committing a crime (1) All three types of respondents believe that revolving door, 120cm high transaction counter, installation of glass window on transaction counter, solid chair before a 90cm high counter, and entrance/exit which is not close to the transaction counter could deter the intention of robbery effectively. (2) Branch staffs and customers believe that transaction counters with other devices that could help cross transaction counters are more likely to attract crime than counters without devices that could help cross counters. However, the difference is no significant in terms of guardians – guards’ point of view. 2. Boost risk of committing a crime (1) All respondents agree that robbery prevention posters, more cameras installed by banks, highly visible camera installation, and single entrance/exit of bank for bank renovations have significant effect on lower the robbery intentions. (2) Branch staffs and customers think natural surveillance cannot deter the intention of bank robbery. However, this difference does not apply to the guards’. Based on the results of current study, suggestions are: 1. Banks should include those 9 facilities which are best effective in deterring robbery intention commonly agreed among branch staffs, guards and customers into the renovation design. 2. If banks cannot fully implement 9 facilities, the commonly agreed by potential criminals – customers shall be considered as sequence for implementation. 3. Branch guards should enhance and pay attention to 1) Transaction counters adjacent to low counters or other devices that could help cross the transaction counter; 2) Monitoring of transaction counter area. 4. Police officers should play a role of supervisor to the security of bank, provide correct know-how for crime prevention and integrate different resources to prevent bank robbery. Keywords: bank, robbery, CCTV, defensible space, natural surveillance