- 學位論文
從防衛空間探討錄影監視系統設置管理之研究
CCTV design & management from the perspective of the Defensible Space Theory ─ A case study of Taipei City
摘要
自從內政部警政署於1998年3月10日，函頒「建立全國社區安維護體系─守望相助再出發推行方案」，採取結合社區資源，落實治安全民化，藉以建立社區治安維護體系之後，全國政府機關及各地警察機關積極推展，輔導裝設錄影監視系統。未來社區安全聯防之防衛機制，錄影監視系統佔有不可或缺的關鑑性角色，而如何建構一套具有便利性、長久性，能從社區警政的新定位、任務的執行策略角度的錄影監視系統，是非常重要的課題。 本研究係從臺北市錄影監視系統現況，探討錄影監視系統認知、錄影監視系統結合防衛空間認知、錄影監視系統影響隱私權、錄影監視系統設置管理認知等四個面向，作為本研究架構。以問卷調查法的方式，針對臺北市政府民政局、警察局錄影監視系統業務股長及承辦人、里長、警勤區、臺北市民等發放問卷，共計發放894份，有效問卷共計607份，占全部問卷67.90％。以問卷填答內容，作為研究評估之探討。採用SPSS for Windows 12.0版統計分析套裝軟體，主要統計分析方法為：次數分配(frequencies)、因素分析(factor analysis)、ｔ檢定（ｔ-test）、單因子變異數分析（ANOVA）、迴歸分析(regression-analysis)等，針對蒐集所得資料及本研究之目的進行分析探討。 研究結果發現：一、民眾對設置錄影監視系統持正面的看法。二、民眾對現行錄影監視系統滿意度不足。三、民眾對設置錄影監視系統單位，識別度清晰。四、民眾對保管錄影監視系統影像單位，存取使用信任度不足。民眾對監控良好的社區，接受度高。五、民眾對「非正式監控」持正面的態度。六、民眾對加強公共區域的監控並未感到不安。七、錄影監視系統對個人隱私權的影響不顯著。八、民眾對政府廣設錄影監視系統持正面的態度。九、民眾認同對錄影監視系統良好的管理是重要的一環。十、民眾對改善環境取代錄影監視系統的功能，持正面的看法。十一、民眾贊同錄影監視系統的設置地點應靈活變動設置，以預防犯罪。十二、民眾不相信目前錄影監視系統能正常運作。 最後，本研究在「建構良好設置管理錄影監視系統」迴歸方程式中發現，一個具有良好設置管理的錄影監視系統，必須具備有下列要件：一、高度的設置錄影監視系統接受度，二、提高錄影監視系統滿意度，三、良好的系統分辨性，四、良好安全社區形象，五、非正式監控認知普遍性，六、環境改善以預防犯罪的認知，七、錄影監視系統靈活變動設置，八、錄影監視系統硬體正常運作。因此，從上述的發現，提出本研究的策略建議，以期建構良好設置管理的錄影監視系統之參考依據。
並列摘要
Ever since the National Police Agency, Ministry of The Interior started implementing the community safeguard program, all government branches and police offices began integrating community resources, promoting the importance of public security, and establishing a community security system. The next milestone in the program is to construct a nationwide Closed Circuit Television (CCTV). It is clear, the CCTV will play a crucial role in the community safeguard program. Thus, how the CCTV should be constructed, so that it can continuously aid the investigative efforts as policing methodologies keep evolving becomes an important topic to address. This study investigated four aspects pertaining to the CCTV currently deployed in the city of Taipei: 1) the overall perception for the CCTV; 2) integrating the CCTV with defensible space practices; 3) influences of the CCTV on privacy; and 4) management for CCTV camera placements. Questionnaires were utilized to collect data for analyses, and the sample population included all staffs at the Department of Civil Affairs, Taipei City Government & Taipei City Police Department (including the head and the director of the CCTV service division), heads of all Taipei City subdivisions, staffs of all Taipei City precincts, and citizens of the Taipei City. A total of 894 questionnaires were sent out, and 607 valid questionnaires, or 67.90 percents of total questionnaires, were collected. SPSS 12.0 (for windows) was used to conduct statistical analyses, and the primary statistical analyses performed include: frequency distribution, factor analysis, T test, one-factor analysis of variance, and regression analysis. The study revealed that: 1) respondents deemed that the CCTV will definitely improve security for the neighborhoods; 2) respondents are not totally satisfied with the crime-deterring effects of the CCTV; 3) the video resolution of the CCTV should be improved; 4) accessing policies for the CCTV tapes should be strictly reinforced, and respondents from safe neighborhoods are more satisfied with the tape accessing policies; 5) respondents hold positive viewpoints toward informal surveillance; 6) respondents feel comfortable that public areas are under surveillance for the purpose of public safety; 7) the CCTV does not violate privacy; 8) respondents perceive that it will make a positive contribution to public safety if the government constructs a nationwide CCTV; 9) respondents perceive that it is very important to enforce well thought out management policies for the CCTV; 10) respondents hold positive viewpoints toward replacing the CCTV with other safety improvement mechanisms; 11) respondents perceive that the camera placements should be more effect-driven; and 12) respondents do not agree that current CCTV can function reliably. Finally, the results from the regression equation of a well conceived CCTV indicate that the CCTV should possess the following qualities: 1) a high level of acceptance for camera placements; 2) a high degree of performance satisfaction; 3) a high quality of the tape resolution; 4) a positive image in the mind of citizens; 5) a positive perception and readiness for informal surveillance; 6) perceptions of effective crime prevention; 7) camera placement that is crime-deterring oriented; and 8) a high level of functional reliability. These findings can serve as references for constructing a CCTV that will effectively assist police forces in the future.