性侵害犯罪立法變遷之研究

The study of legislation of sex offense laws in Taiwan during the recent two decades

蕭蒼澤(HSIAO, TSANG –TSE)

指導教授 ： 黃富源

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

根據刑事警察局，近十餘年台灣地區警察機關受理性犯罪案件之件數的統計，由1998年的犯罪件數共1979件大幅增加到2009年的3,502件，且近來台灣地區性侵害犯罪案件之加害人與被害人之年齡層分布越來越廣泛，犯案手法也愈來愈殘忍及多元化，此等社會現象已對女性等婦幼弱勢族群之人身安全造成嚴重威脅。性侵害犯罪成為台灣治安的的重大隱憂，亦是婦女團體所關懷的最重要議題之一。基此，本研究有下列三個重要之目的:一、探討性侵害犯罪類型研究。二、暸解台灣性侵害犯罪立法之變遷。三、探討台灣性侵害犯罪相關法令與性侵害犯罪加害人之矯治處遇實務。
本研究是以文獻探討法與歷史研究法為主要之研究方法。在文獻探討法中，就與本論文相關之國內、外文獻暨媒體資料，廣泛蒐集並加以整理、歸納、分析，以建構立論之基礎。此外，歷史研究法乃就過去國內外性犯罪之立法歷程加以分析，諸如美國相關法令及梅根法案之影響，並引述各國及我國有關性犯罪文獻資料，究其法理，分析其演進與發展，作為我國修法或立法之參考。
本研究發現：一、我國強制性交犯中35.2%屬於憤怒型者，61.7%屬權力型者佔，3.1%屬虐待型，因無純粹類型之存在，故超過61.7%的強制性交犯屬於權力型為機會犯。二、我國性侵害犯罪立法主要係以美國之相關法案為制法依據，較諸亞洲國家超前立法，整體性侵害之刑事政策趨嚴。性侵害犯罪立法重要內容有：(一)重視原因，實施性侵害犯罪之防治課程。(二)重視被害者權益。(三)性侵害加害人之矯治處遇。(四)社會防衛1.保護管束。2假釋後之電子監控。3.登記制度。(五)偵查1.DNA採樣。2.通報系統。三、刑法第91條之1部分採酌學者及精神醫學專家意見，認為有關性侵害犯罪加害人於出獄前一至二年治療最具成效。性侵害犯罪防治法第20條、21條修正後落實了社區監控制度，也回應了實務上強制性侵害犯罪加害人接受身心治療或輔導教育之社區處遇困境。建議：一、國家對於性侵害被害人的各項政策應強化被害者之復原力。二、發展社會支持網路。三、強化監控制度設計，並補強適當之人力。

關鍵字

性侵害 ； 強制性交 ； 立法歷程 ； 婦女團體

並列摘要

According to the statistics of the Criminal Investigation Bureau, the number of sexual offense cases accepted by police agencies in Taiwan Area has significantly increased from 1979 (1998) to 3,502 (2009). The age bracket distribution of the offender and victim in sexual offense cases has become wider over time and the means of offense has been more and more violent and diversified. Undoubtedly, this has seriously threatened the safety of women and children. Seeing that sexual offense is a big concern of the social order in Taiwan and one of the most important issues that feminist group is concerned about, the study focuses on this topic and tries to achieve the following three objectives: 1. Discussion on the type of the sexual offense; 2. Analysis on the legislative change of the sexual offense in Taiwan; and 3. Exploration of the laws and regulations related to sexual offense in Taiwan and the correction and treatment practice of sexual offenders.
The literature review and historical research are used as the methods for this study. In the literature review method, a variety of literatures and media materials in Taiwan and foreign countries relevant to the study are collected, compiled, generalized and analyzed to form the basis for the argument. In the historical research method, the history of the legislation concerning sexual offense in Taiwan and foreign countries is analyzed, including the legislation in the USA and the effect of the Megan’s Law. The study refers to the researches in Taiwan and other countries on sexual offense. It explores the legal principle of the sexual offense and analyzes the evolution of its legislation in the hope of bringing a reference for the modification and legislation of relevant laws in Taiwan.
The study has the following findings: 1) Among the criminals of forcible sexual intercourse 35.2% are anger-type offenders, 61.7% are power-type offenders and 3.1% are sadism-type offenders. Since there is no pure criminal types, more than 61.7% of the forcible sexual intercourse offenders are opportunity criminals of power-type; 2) The legislation of sexual offense in Taiwan is mainly made with reference to related acts of the USA and is stricter in terms of overall criminal policy of the sexual offense in comparison with other countries in Asia. The cores of the sexual offense legislation include (1) emphasis on the root course of sexual offense and provision of sexual offense prevention courses; (2) emphasis on the rights of the victim; (3) correction and treatment for the sexual offender; (4) social defense including (i) probation; (ii) electronic monitoring after parole; and (iii) registration system; (5) investigation including (i) DNA sampling; and (ii) reporting system; 3) The idea of the scholars and experts of psychiatry that the treatment of sexual offenders has the most effectiveness if carried out one or two years before discharge is partially adopted and incorporated in Article 91-1 of the Criminal Law. The modified Articles 20 and 21 of the Sexual Assault Prevention Act not only fulfills the requirements for the community monitoring system, but also solves the problem of community treatment in the practice in which sexual offenders are forced to accept body-mind therapy or education. The study suggests that 1) the government enhance the resilience of the victim by developing relevant policies; 2) a social support network be constructed for the victim; and 3) the monitoring system be improved and more manpower be replenished for the system.

並列關鍵字

Sexual offense ； Forcible sexual intercourse ； Legislative history ； Feminist group

參考文獻

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