- 學位論文
建成環境對青少年身體活動之影響－台北市南港區國中學生之實證研究
The Influences of Built Environment on Adolescents’ Physical Activities: An Empirical Study of Junior High School Students in Taipei Nangang District
摘要
影響身體活動的因素相當多，目前探討身體活動之影響因素主要是以公共衛生領域為主，重點在探討個體因素對於身體活動之影響，而忽略了環境因素對於身體活動的影響。目前大多數國家開始重視身體健康，並注意到健康環境的塑造有助於培養健康的身體，但多數文獻對於建成環境與身體活動的研究都是以成年人與兒童為研究對象，缺少了對青少年族群的實證研究，而國內對於身體活動的相關研究主要在公共衛生部門以及運動休閒部門，較缺乏以都市規劃觀點來提出促進青少年身體活動的都市發展策略。因此本研究以青少年為實證對象，探討建成環境對身體活動之影響。主要探討以下三個議題：(1)建成環境因素對於青少年一周中等費力與費力的休閒與運動身體活動時間與天數的影響方式及其強度；(2)建成環境因素對於青少年一周步行或騎自行車的運輸身體活動時間與天數的影響方式與其強度；以及(3)建成環境因素對於青少年有無達到一周中等費力以及費力的休閒與運動身體活動建議標準。 本研究以南港區成德國中、南港國中以及誠正國中學生為母體，使用IPAQ國際身體活動量表兒童青少年圖卡版進行問卷調查，蒐集樣本的身體活動資料，並使用統計報告與地理資訊系統蒐集與分析建成環境資料。研究方法應用次序羅吉特模型分析中等費力與費力活動的休閒與運動身體活動時間等級，與步行及騎自行車的運輸身體活動時間等級；應用負二項迴歸模型分析中等費力與費力的休閒與運動身體活動天數，以及步行及騎自行車的運輸身體活動天數；以及使用二項羅吉特模型分析青少年有無達到建議的休閒與運動身體活動時間。 研究結果發現5Ds建成環境變數中建築密度(＋)、土地使用混合程度(－)、街道密度(＋)、日常活動地點目的地數量(＋)以及大眾運輸場站距離(－)對青少年身體活動存在一致的影響關係，而人口密度、交叉路口密度以及街廓規模對青少年身體活動在不同的行為模式存在不同的影響關係。可步行性指標可能由於組成元素不能反映出在地的可步行性，因此並沒有符合預期推測。依據實證分析結果，分別針對土地使用部門、都市設計部門以及大眾運輸部門提出都市規劃策略建議。
並列摘要
According to the World Health Organization’s researches, the main reason of causing chronic disease is physical inactivity. Although numerous factors affecting physical activities, public health researchers mostly focused on individual factors and ignored environmental factors. Increasing researches explore the relationships between built environment and physical activity in recent years while these researches majorly investigated adults or children and ignored adolescents. Futhermore, the domestic studies on physical activities are majorly explored for the strategies of public health, sports or leisures and lack discussions for urban development strategies. Therefore, the objective of this study is to empirically examine the impacts of built environment on physical activities for the adolescents of junior high school students.. This study majorly focused on the following three issues: (1) effects of built environment on an adolescent’s frequency and duration of moderate or vigorous physical activities for leisure / sports within a week ; (2) effects of built environment on an adolescent’s frequency and duration of walking or biking for transportation within a week; and, (3) effects of built environment on whether an adolescent achieving the recommended thresholds of moderate or vigorous physical activities for leisure / sports within a week. The study sample included 269 junior high school students studying in Chengde Junior High School, Nan Gang High School and Cheng Zheng Junior High School. The physical activity data of sample were obtained through the survey of children and adolescents self-administration short version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ); and the built Environment data were from statistics reports and geographical information system. Various econometric methods including ordered logit model, negative binomial regression model and binary logit model were employed to analyze the the duration, frequency and achieving recommended threshold of physical activities. The results reveal that building density (+), mixed land uses (-), street density (+), daily life activity locations (+) and distance to transit stations (-) significantly affected various physical activities in consistent relationships. However, population density, intersection density and block size significantly affected various physical activities in different relationships. The walkability index used in previous researches did not present significant relationships with physical activities. Finally, based on the empirical results, this study proposed numerous urban development strategies for land use planning, urban design and public transportation planning.