透過您的圖書館登入
IP:18.217.182.45
  • 學位論文

公司法第185條主要營業或財產之認定標準與司法審查—兼論少數股東之權利救濟

Sale of Substantially All Assets and Judicial Review-The Legal Remedy for Minority Shareholders

指導教授 : 林國彬
若您是本文的作者,可授權文章由華藝線上圖書館中協助推廣。

摘要


公司法第185條第1項第2款「讓與全部或主要部分營業或財產」涉及公司內部權限劃分之議題,其判斷標準將直接對公司之組織彈性及經營效率及股東權益保障產生重大影響。其判斷標準若太寬,將限縮董事會之權限,可能損及公司組織之彈性及經營之效率;若太嚴則可能對股東權益有所斲傷。本文以比較法、文獻分析為主要研究方法,探討美國法對類似問題之認定,以德拉瓦州公司法為主要研究對象,以模範公司法為輔,俾作為我國判斷「讓與全部或主要部分營業或財產」之參考。 本文先分別就德拉瓦州公司法及模範公司法之實體認定與程序控制為介紹,並針對質與量分析標準之三個重點:非平常性交易(unusual transaction)、量的因素及質的因素,討論相關之學者見解及法院判決。次因事實上合併(de facto merger)常係以出售實質全部資產之方式達成合併之目的,涉及股東權益保護;而何時應給予股東保護權益機制亦影響「主要部分營業或財產」之判斷,故本文亦針對此問題加以探討。最後,美國法部分亦以德拉瓦州法院判決介紹該州對於資產出售之詐欺及不公平性之司法審查。 我國法之認定標準部分,則從經濟部之函釋與法院判決探討我國對於「全部或主要部分營業或財產」之認定標準,並分就法院採用所營事業之不能成就標準與質與量分析標準之判決為評析。本文認為,基於第185條保護股東投資之立法意旨,防止公司經營者以保留一小部分無關緊要卻仍繼續營運之資產規避法律,且自最後階段理論觀之,出售資產後公司營收大幅下降甚至虧損可能使公司無以為繼,此時為市場懲罰機制對經營者之約束嚴重減弱之最後階段,應予股東保護之機制。是故,我國實務所採用之所營事業不能成就說應予檢討,放寬認定之標準,以增加該法律適用之機會;俾使法律於維持公司經營效率及組織彈性之餘,能夠兼顧股東權益之保護。

並列摘要


In Taiwan, Article 185 of the Company Act provides that a company shall not transfer the whole or any essential part of its business or assets without a resolution adopted by a majority of the shareholders present who represent two-thirds or more of the total number of its outstanding shares. Courts held that if a company's business cannot proceed after the transaction, the sale constitutes the sale of essential part of business or assets. Criticism said that this opinion constitutes a very high threshold that the rule hardly has a chance to be applied, therefore suggested that courts determine in both qualitative and quantitative perspectives as the Delaware courts do in similar situations. In this thesis, the author introduces how Delaware courts determine "sale of substantially all assets" under section 271 of Delaware General Corporation Law and it's procedural aspect, the determination of "significant continuing business activity" under section 12.02 of Model Business Corporation Act and it's procedural aspect, and the Delaware judicial review for "fairness" and "fraud" in sale of assets situations. Moreover, the thesis also introduces de facto mergers doctrine. Because many companies structured a transaction as a sale of assets to avoid shareholder's appraisal right, therefore when should the law protects shareholders is discussed. In the same time, the question also affects the determination of sale of substantially all assets. In the end, the author concludes that the opinion of Taiwan courts falls short of shareholder protection so that courts should take a more liberal way to determine what constitutes "the essential part of business or assets" of a company.

參考文獻


4. 林國彬,董事忠誠義務與司法審查標準之研究,政大法學評論,第100期,2007年12月。
2. 鍾佩真,企業併購法下之資產收購爭議問題解析-以公司法第一百八十五條為研究重心,國立政治大學法律學研究所碩士論文,2006年7月。
1. BAINBRIDGE, STEPHEN M., MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS, Foundation Press (2003).
2. BALOTTI, R. FRANKLIN & FINKELSTEIN, JESSE A., BALOTTI AND FINKELSTEIN’S DELAWARE LAW OF CORPORATIONS AND BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, Aspen Publishers (2012).
3. CARNEY, WILLIAM J., MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS, Foundation Press (2000).

延伸閱讀