外溢效果對廠商對外直接投資決策之影響

台灣從80年代起經濟快速成長並開始轉變成為資本淨流出國家，從那之後對外直接投資（foreign direct investment, FDI）成為廠商重要的經濟活動。廠商對外直接投資的原因之一就是為了減少要素成本，這也是歷年來台灣FDI的主因。然而，反對對外直接投資者質疑，廠商為了追求較低廉的要素成本而進行的對外直接投資也會因為外溢效果（spillover）造成先進的技術被地主國廠商學習，進而成為我國的競爭對手，到最後得不償失。以往有討論到技術外溢效果之廠商對外直接投資文獻，模型中的決策廠商大多只考慮本身與當地廠商之間的產量研發競爭決策以及是否FDI，並沒有考慮其他競爭者的策略對投資廠商的影響，因此本文即嚐試利用廠商競爭模型去探討外溢效果對於我國廠商FDI決策的影響。本文除了探討技術外溢效果的存在對投資國廠商FDI決策之影響外，也將投資國彼此的競爭納入考量，分析此時若再去限制本國廠商的投資比例對本國廠商而言是否是合理。依據本文最後的結果，我們認為遵循市場機制對於廠商而言才是一個合理且較有利的方法，對於已經技術成熟化的產業，或已有其他相同條件的競爭對手進行FDI的產業若政府給予過多的限制反而會有降低本國廠商在市場上的競爭力的疑慮。

關鍵字

外溢效果；對外直接投資

並列摘要

Since 80's, the economy of Taiwan has grown up quickly and started changing to become the capital clean run off nations, foreign direct investment becoming importance economic activities of manufacturer after that. One of the reasons that the manufacturer invests outward is for reducing factor cost, this is also the main cause of Taiwanese FDI through the years. However, the people who oppose outward investment to query, manufacturer for pursuing cheaper factor cost and carrying on of invest outward would also because of spillover effect the result cause forerunner of technique host country the manufacturer learn, then becoming the rival of my country, losing more than gain till the last. The literature have already discussed about spillover effect on manufacturer’s strategy of foreign direct investment before, the manufacturer’s strategy in the model mostly only considers oneself to compete with the local manufacturer, have no the strategy which considers other competitors to investment the manufacturer's influence, so this text tries to use the Cournot model to cover the spillover effect on manufacturer's strategy. According to the final result of this text, we think that following a market mechanism for manufacturer is a reasonable and more beneficial method, for already technique mature turn of industry, or have already had the rival under other same conditions to carry on FDI industry if government to give the excessive restriction will have already reduced native manufacturer's worry in uncertainty in the competition ability on the market on the contrary.

並列關鍵字

spillover effect ； foreign direct effect

參考文獻

陳建隆、徐芳霞 (2003) 防禦型對外直接投資與研發之關係，國立台北大學經濟研究所碩士論文。

Aitken, B. J. and A. E. Harrison (1999) “DO Domestic Firms Benefit From Direct Foreign Investment? Evidence from Venezuela,” American Economic Review 3, 605-618.

Blomström , M. (1986) “Foreign Investment and Productive Efficiency

: The Case of Mexico,” Journal of Industrial Economics 15, 97-110.

Branstetter, L.G. (2001), “Are Knowledge Spillovers International or Intranational in Scope? Microeconometric Evidence from the U.S. and Japan,” Journal of International Economics 53, 53-79

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外溢效果對廠商對外直接投資決策之影響

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