慢性犯罪者及其犯罪特徵之探討

相當研究均發現「一小部分青少年卻解釋了大部分的犯罪行為」，是為”慢性犯罪者”。為了解我國少數人(慢性犯罪者)犯多數罪的狀況，因此以1991年單一次犯罪被判刑確定有罪者，共86,671人，追踪至2010年底止，在19年期間其所有的犯罪案件且被判決確定有罪者，從其人口特性及犯罪情形，以探討慢性犯罪者的特徵及再犯期程。本研究獲得8項結論(1)單一次犯罪逾6成，偶發犯罪占3成，慢性犯罪僅占8.2%；(2)8.2%為慢性犯罪，男性慢性犯罪者9.6%，女性慢性犯罪者2.1%；8.2%被告犯31.2%的罪行，9.6%男性犯34.4%的罪行，2.1%女性犯10.0%的罪行(3)慢性犯罪者；男性19-20歲為高峰期，50歲以後快速減少；女性18-19歲為高峰期；34歲以後快速減少；慢性犯罪都為早發犯罪者。(4)慢性犯罪中，無業者占三成五，國中程度占四成；早發犯罪者、無業者、國中程度、家境貧困者，慢性犯罪比率較高。(5)早發性慢性犯罪者持續犯罪較多；竊盜、毒品持續犯罪比重較高(6)慢性犯罪者九成以上為多元犯罪者。(7)慢性犯罪者犯罪類型以毒品、賭博及竊盜罪多。毒品，竊盜犯慢性犯罪比率較高。(8)初犯刑期逾八成為一年之短期刑者，再犯刑期愈趨嚴重，九成被監禁過。毒品、竊盜、刑期三至五年及第１次被監禁者慢性犯罪比率較高。(9)以邏輯斯向前逐步迴歸分析法，選取模式中顯著的變項，計有年齡、性別、罪名、職業、教育程度、刑期等7個因子，模式適配度達到顯著水準，第7個模式為最佳模式。並提出5點建議。(1)微罪不罰，鼓勵轉向措施，(2)建構建全家庭，避免早發性犯罪；(3)加強犯罪預防及法律宣導工作;(4)鼓勵參加作業，實施技職訓練(5) 建構緝毒、戒毒及拒毒的反毒網絡。

關鍵字

慢性犯罪

並列摘要

A lot of research demonstrated that “a minor part of juveniles interpret most crimes” i.e. “Chronic Criminal”. In order to understand the circumstance that the minority persons (chronic criminal) committed majority of crimes. Therefore, there were 86,671 persons being sentenced and confirmed with criminality just for only one time of crime in 1991. Features and period of recidivism of chronic criminal are probed into from study of the population characteristics and criminal situations of all the criminal cases and the persons who were judged to be criminal during 19 years to the end of 2010. 8 conclusions are obtained from this research: (1)the first offender accounts for 60% and the accidental crime represents for 30%, and chronic offense only accounts for 8.2%; (2)8.2% is chronic offense, in which male chronic offender accounts for 9.6% and female chronic offender accounts for 2.1%; 8.2% defendant commits 31.2% crime; 9.6% male commits 34.4% crime while 2.1% female commits 10.0% crime;(3)in the chronic offender, the peak time for male is at the age of 19-20 and quickly decrease after the age of 50; while the peak time for female is at the age of 18-19 and quickly decrease after the age of 34; and most chronic offense is premature offender.(4)In the chronic offense, the persons out of job account for 35% and junior high school persons for 40% and ratio of chronic offense for the premature offender, persons out of job, junior high school persons and the poor is rather high. (5) Premature chronic offender often continues to commit a crime; the continuous offense proportion of burglar and narcotics is rather higher; (6) Above 90% chronic offender is multielement offender. (7) The first offense kind of chronic offender are mostly narcotics, gamble and burglar. Narcotics offender and burglar offender has a very high proportion of chronic offense. (8)80% of term of imprisonment of the first offense is short-term punishment of one year, term of imprisonment of recidivism is more and more serious and 90% of which was held prisoner. Narcotics offender, burglar offender, offender with term of imprisonment for three to five years and the offender of first being held prisoner have a very high chronic offense ratio. (9)Choose 7 significant variables in the mode with the method of logisticforward stepwise regression, which are age, gender, crime, occupation,educational background and term of penalty, etc. The mode fitness reaches tothe significant level and the 7th mode is the optimal. Furthermore, five suggestions are put forth. (1) (1)minor crime is not punished, and encourage the veering measures, (2)build and perfect family in order to avoid premature crime; (3)strengthen the prevention of crime and work of legal advocacy; (4) encourage offender to participate in operation and carry out technology train (5) construct net of capturing drug smugglers, abandoning drug habits and refusal of drug.