非行少年生命歷程中的社區處遇對其犯罪止續之影響

Community-based Intervention and Its Impact on Juvenile Desistance/Persistence in Crime

丁映君(Ying-Chun Ting)

指導教授 ： 周愫嫻

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

在學理探究上，生命歷程理論已經逐漸成為理解犯罪行為的最重要的理論架構之一。而在實務執行上，社區處遇已逐漸拉高司法處遇比例，成為少年犯罪處遇之主流。本研究以發展理論為主軸，訪談14位少年時期曾因出現偏差行為在社區接受輔導者，追蹤接受社區處遇在其成年後如何影響持續或中止犯罪的歷程。其中偏差行為以其成年後之官方犯罪紀錄、自陳報告行為及個人主觀認定為準，少年被區分為中止犯罪（10名）及持續犯罪（4名）兩組。其中男性12位，女性2位，受訪時年齡介於22歲至30歲之間。
本研究發現，社區處遇若有強迫式知識灌輸、自願性(關係取向)、鄰近易取、豐富性、正向互動等做法或特性，則較易對少年形成中止犯罪的影響。相對若具強迫性(關係淡漠或對立)、長期長距低頻、貧乏性、單向性特性，則不易見到成效。社區處遇的介入，對非行少年可能形成一個重要事件，卻需經歷一段歷程而非轉折。社區輔導者可能成為少年重要他人。持續犯罪者的生命正向重要他人較少，中止犯罪者較容易受到社區處遇影響；社區處遇若掌握少年群聚、兒童虐待、家庭暴力、遭排斥於體制外、視野受限及神經心理缺陷等重要事件，並與重要他人合作，會讓少年增加中止犯罪的機會。本研究建議未來少年犯罪社區處遇可朝以下方向改善：良好的關係建立，清楚的核心思想；落實社區化、在地文化的輔導方式；跨領域的工作方法；三級犯罪預防措施兼顧，建構點線面的社區犯罪預防環境；執行主力的社會工作者應有社會學或犯罪預防的視界；積極製造少年犯罪的止損點。

關鍵字

中止犯罪 ； 持續犯罪 ； 社區處遇 ； 生命歷程 ； 少年非行

並列摘要

In theoretical terms, life course theory has gradually became one of the most important theoretical structures for understanding crime. Practically, community-based intervention has gradually increased for judicial treatment, and become the mainstream of intervention for juvenile delinquency. In this study, based on development theory as framework, the researcher interviewed 14 adult subjects who had received counseling for deviant behavior in the community during adolescence. The aim was to track how accepting the community-based intervention would affect the life course of an individual being a desistant or persistent offender. Within the study, deviant behavior would be defined by the official adult criminal record, behavioral-self-reports from subjects and personal subjective judgments. Subjects are divided into two groups as desistant (10 subjects) or persistent offenders (4 subjects). There were 12 male and 2 female subjects interviewed whose ages were between 22 to 30 years old.
The study found that if the community-based intervention instilled knowledge forcibly, had the clients participate voluntarily (relationship orientation), provided high accessibility to the neighborhood, had variety, and enriched positive interaction, it was easier for the juvenile to desist from crime. On the other hand, the result would be less positive if the intervention were mandatory (with poor relationships or antagonism), having persistent lower frequency with longer distance, lacking variety or with one-way communication. Community-based intervention could be significant for juvenile offenders, though what they need to experience could be a journey rather than immediate change. Community counselors could become the significant others for juvenile offenders. The persistent offenders seem to have less positive significant others, and the desistant offenders are affected by community more easily. This study suggests that community-based intervention for juvenile offenders should seek to develop: good relationships, with a clear core idea; implementation of community-based counseling in the culture; interdisciplinary work; provision of tertiary crime prevention measures.

並列關鍵字

desistant offender ； persistent offender ； life course ； community-based intervention ； juvenile delinquency

參考文獻

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