- 學位論文
台法不實廣告規範之比較研究
A Comparative Theory Perspectives of False Advertising
摘要
近年來不時傳出關於不實廣告之紛爭，而一窺消費市場實際運作的真相，由於消費者與企業主兩方，不但本質上彼此立場對立，並且兩方所持經濟力量更是霄壤之別，因此連帶對於商品的消費資訊，兩者對此之觀點迥然有別。然法國對於商業上不誠實行為關注已久，消費者自主意識啟蒙極早，再加之，將前述思唯加以成文化的消費法法典之存續時間，亦有百年之久，相關的立法內容及執法經驗相當豐碩，而皆有可觀之處；此外，由於法國與歐洲各國、歐盟間交流頻繁，因此其司法實務和學界緊密貼近歐洲當代法學思潮的脈動，而廣泛吸納歐盟現行法制之內容，故其法學發展受歐盟法鑿斧甚深，是以，研究法國法，相當程度對相關歐盟法制內容亦能有所掌握；因此，筆者期藉由了解法國法制和司法實務運作，用以檢視我國法制面，對於不實廣告有何欠缺或不足。在第一章筆者先論述部分在研究目的及動機所提及的消費者困境，此可謂消費者問題的同義詞。在第二章第三節，筆者約略介紹不實廣告立法的相關背景。於第二章第五節，筆者則詳加介紹消費者權利與管制不實廣告間的關聯性；為使觀者理解此議題，有必要先將廣告之定義予以詳解；第二章第一、二節論述我國和法國就廣告的看法，第五節則對我國和法國各界就如何保護和發展消費者資訊，對此相關內容加以詳述。再進一步，對上開之舉，如何將保護消費者資訊權的法制細緻化、具體化到不同的專門法規之現況作介紹；尤其在第二章第五節內，本文將會提及法國相關特殊制度之存在。第三、四章可說是不實廣告的核心議題之一，即不實廣告之規範主客體及相關規定。在不實廣告中分別為消費者及企業經營者（或法國法所稱的專業人士）；在第三章內，筆者會詳述不實廣告的主體為何。第四、五章，則是介紹不實廣告的構成要件、判斷標準及主觀要件。第五章第三、四節是談論不實廣告之主觀要件，在法國將其歸類為無形之要件，在我國則仍有爭論；繼而，在第六章則是分別敘述台法規定之法律效果，以符合探究法律之思路順序，即先處理法律構成要件之問題，後處理再予探討法律效果。該章第三節以後，則為尾聲，綜觀我國法與法國法中不實廣告相關規定，以闡述不實廣告規範交錯之內涵。台法兩國，對於不實廣告，皆有不同的法域加以重覆規範，所以筆者有必要提及此情形之梗概、發生之原因，以及最後解決之道為何；最後，再提出筆者個人的淺見作為結論。
並列摘要
In recent years, the disputes of false advertising sometimes happen, because the operation of market is that consumer and business owner are opposed in essence, and they have totally different economic power. Therefore, they don’t have the same perspectives on consumption information of products or service. But France is occupied in dishonest commercial practices, and consumer consciousness has developed very early. And the code of consumption has survived from 100 years ago, the relevant experiences of legislation and execution are abounding. Besides, France often intercommunicates with European countries and EU, so she absorbs their last legislative opinions, theories, and reforms. France even follows the relevant directives of EU widely, and it has resulted in her law similar with EU. Thereat when we study the law of France, we understand EU’s by the way. The goal of this thesis is to explore our law system’s defect and insufficiency in the regulation of false or misleading advertisement by means of studying France’s law, doctrine, suit and so on. Chapter one is the introduction, the aim and the motive of the research and research range; Chapter two is the advertising summary, recommend meaning, and how to body the information right of consumer in our legislation. The third Chapter is the subject of false advertising. In Chapter four and five, is to introduce the relevant law, guidelines or principles, a set of judgment criterion, and subjective element of untrue or misleading advertisement. Chapter six is to discuss legal effects of our country and France. Finally, Chapter seven is the conclusion and recommendation. It sums up the preceding chapters, and to make recommendations on relevant disputes and problems.