大學畢業生初職成就之探討∼一般大學與技職體系大學畢業生之比較

A Study of First job Achievement of College Graduates：A Comparison of Comprehensive University Graduates and Tech University Graduates.

王玉如(Yu-Ju Wang)

指導教授 ： 張清富

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/社會學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本文是在高等教育體制大幅擴充、失業率高漲以及勞動市場職缺逐漸緊縮的脈絡之下，探討這群剛畢業、工作經歷較少或甚至沒有任何工作經歷的大學應屆畢業生，他們在踏入職場的求職歷程中，透過人力資本的累積以及社會網絡關係的運用，是否能對其求職及初職聲望造成顯著影響？而二者的影響，以何者較為顯著？並比較一般大學和技職體系大學畢業生之間的差異。
　　故本研究以「畢業即就業」的「全職工作者」為研究對象，從經濟學的「人力資本」及社會學的「社會網絡關係」等角度切入，企圖探究學生在校期間所累積的各項人力資本，例如：主修科系、證照取得及打工經驗等，對於日後踏入勞動市場的職業聲望有何提升之效？並瞭解大學畢業生獲得現職工作所運用的各類求職管道分佈情形以及在多元化的求職管道中，何者對提高大學畢業生之職業聲望較有助益？透過社會網絡關係的「非正式管道」就業和透過各類「正式管道」就業，何者是大學畢業生能獲取工作的有效管道？
　　本研究發現：象徵人力資本的「求學歷程」比「社會網絡關係」對畢業生初職取得產生更深遠的影響，而畢業生的主修科系對其初職聲望扮演重要的角色、取得國家考試證照有助於提升個人初職聲望、家教及實習經驗對於一般大學畢業生之初職聲望有加分的效果、透過「正式管道」求職較透過「非正式管道」求職者，更有助於提升其職業聲望，至於弱聯繫的假說，則無法在本研究中得到驗證。

關鍵字

職業聲望 ； 人力資本 ； 社會網絡 ； 強聯繫 ； 弱聯繫

並列摘要

Under the present circumstances, there are higher education expansion, a rising unemployment rate, and a gradual shrinking of labor market in Taiwan. This paper aims to explore how social connections could influence first-job achievement of recently university graduates with either less or without any working experiences. Also, this study tries to apply both human capital accumulation and social networks to explore occupational achievement of these first-job-seekers. Of both factors, that is, human capital and social networks, which one is more significant? In addition, the paper also attempts to make a comparison of job achievement of recently college graduates of both comprehensive universities and tech universities.
　　By using the concept of “human capital and social networks,” in terms of individual competency and career preparations during their college studies, such as professional aptitude, proficiency certificates, and part time working experiences, the study attempts to explore factors that influence occupational achievement of these first fulltime-job holders. Of all these factors, which can increase a personal occupational prestige? Of both “formal” and “informal” channels, which one will be more effective for these recent university graduates who search their first-fulltime jobs?
　　The result shows that “college prestige and degrees” impact more significantly than “social networks” for the group of recent university graduates. University majors, certificates, experiences of tutoring and interns are crucial for first job achievement among recent university graduates. A person’s occupational prestige is increased by utilizing proper “formal channels” rather than “informal channels” for these recent college graduates who search a first job. However, the weak ties hypothesis on job achievement is not proved in the study.

並列關鍵字

Occupational Prestige ； Human Capital ； Social Networks ； Strong Ties ； Weak Ties

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