車用鋰電池回收制度建置與評析

Recycling of Lithium Batteries for Electric Vehicles -- Assessment and Implementation

林天瀚(Tien-Han Lin)

指導教授 ： 李育明 教授

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/自然資源與環境管理研究所在職專班/碩士(2014年)

摘要

在全球積極發展經濟的趨勢，人類對於資源的需求與日俱增；以機動車輛而言，隨著普及率的增加，斯造成能源消耗與環境污染問題趨勢化；為降低資源的耗用及減輕車輛使用帶來的污染危害，國際知名車廠逐漸朝向開發具有環保節能效果的電動車輛取代一般汽油車輛。另鋰電池的技術成熟、高效儲能的特性優勢，使得鋰電池已代替傳統鉛酸蓄電池及鎳氫電池，成為電動車款的新興動力主流。惟電動車款廢棄後，鋰電池若未經妥善處理恣意棄置，恐致電池毀損，引起電池短路造成火災或電解液漏出污染環境。我國電動車輛尚處使用階段且數量未普及，因此車用鋰電池廢棄問題未明顯顯現，但仍應具有相對的因應能力妥善處置鋰電池，降低工安問題及污染的發生。
本研究首先彙整國內外有關車用鋰電池生產概況及技術發展；並透過國外有關廢棄車用鋰電池回收處理情形與數據分析，作為欲建置回收制度的基礎。結果顯示，車用鋰電池於源頭市場及廢棄處理皆極具市場價值，因此國際間多以「生產者延伸責任概念」(Extended Producer Responsibility，EPR)進行車用鋰電池回收，而車用鋰電池隨車體廢棄後，鋰電池其仍具有儲電能力的特性可再行利用，若已不敷使用仍可透過妥善處理回收高價貴金屬原料，再行製造新品鋰電池，創造新商機，因此廢棄車用鋰電池為國際間極為重視回收的項目。
本研究就台灣廢電池處理流程及回收制度，提出回收車用鋰電池的困境，並導入「生產者延伸責任」概念為基礎，建立合宜我國車用鋰電池回收制度，並針對後續回收流向處理方式進行衡量、彙整及提出相關建議，以供政府單位評估應用。

關鍵字：電動車、生產者延伸責任、車用鋰電池回收制度。

關鍵字

車用鋰電池回收制度 ； 生產者延伸責任 ； 電動車

並列摘要

As the global economy develops, our demand for resources grow each day. In terms of motor vehicle, as it becomes a part of our daily necessity, the use of it increases, allowing the depletion of our resources and polluting our environment. In attempt to combat these problems, well-recognized international branded companies are shifting towards developing eco-friendly electric cars in replacement of fuel vehicles. In mean while, the development of lithium batteries has matured over the years, allowing it to better retain it's energy and is more efficient when comparing to lead-acid batteries or NiMH batteries. Being the better choice of available battery technology, lithium battery has become the core model that is used in electric car production
However, with the purchase of new vehicle, the disposal of the old becomes important as if lead-acid batteries are not properly handled, it can be damaged, causing leakage where it pollutes the environment or even fire. In Taiwan's market, electric car is still in the testing phase where it has yet been widely introduced to the market. As a result, the problem with lithium battery disposal is not clear. With that said, there should still be protocols in place regarding proper handling and disposal of the battery to increase safety and reduce pollution. This study will first take a look at Taiwan's internal and external production, technology and development of car related lithium battery . Using the existing vehicle lithium battery recycle data and analysis from foreign country as a benchmark, the result indicates that vehicle lithium battery shows great value in both its selling market and recycling market. Hence, nations often have the " Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)" concept intact when dealing with car lithium battery recycle. If the battery be disposed along with the vehicle, the battery still retains the ability to store energy and can be reused. Should it prove to be non-reusable, it can still be processed to recycle its high valued materials and be used towards building a new battery, creating a new market. As a result, the recycling of car lithium battery between nations is of high value. This study suggests the difficulty our country face in terms of battery recycling system and procedures. Then using the ERP concept as the foundation to establish a suitable vehicle lithium battery recycling system aim at directing future recycling procedures to create a balanced summary and related suggestions for government unit as a reference and adaption of use.
Keywords: Electric Vehicles, Extended Producer Responsibility, Recycling of Lithium Batteries for Electric Vehicles

並列關鍵字

Recycling of Lithium Batteries for Electric Vehicles ； Extended Producer Responsibility ； Electric Vehicles

參考文獻

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中文文獻

1. 三菱汽車，2009，「i-MiEV電動汽車材料分析簡述」