警察機關執行出矯治機構毒品人口應受尿液採驗制度之研究

A Study of Ex-Abuser Urine Testing System In the Police Organizations

湯文琦(Wen-Chi Tang)

指導教授 ： 黃富源

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

為防制施用毒品者出矯治機構之後再犯，法令規定出矯治機構的毒品人口，須定期至警察機關採驗尿液，警察機關並得不定期實施查訪，查有可疑施用毒品現象，亦可帶回警察機關驗尿。
為瞭解本項制度是否具防止再犯功能？現行法規內容是否完備？並探討其他關機構共同參與出矯治機構毒品人口復歸社會歷程的可能性，以及受採驗尿液之毒品人口，對本制度的看法如何？本研究採取德菲問卷法，邀集二十位專家實施三回合德菲問卷，以描述統計找出具高度共識之結論；並立基於質性研究的紮根理論，深入訪談五位毒品人口，為進一步驗證訪談內容，再以臺北市警察機關採驗制度之承辦人為對象，施以調查問卷。
整理三種研究方法的發現，除將相同論點列為本研究結論之外，針對相異之結論，加以研析說明後，最後歸納出本研究之結論，主要有：(1)採驗尿液制度具功能性；(2)現行法定之定期採驗次數不夠；(3)施用毒品犯罪需個別化處遇措施；(4)其他相關機關應共同參與毒品人口復歸社會的歷程；(5)家人對毒品人口具有極重要的影響力；(6)績效考核制度造成警政承辦人員很大的壓力，因而可能鑽規定漏洞以爭取績效；(7)承辦人執行態度會影響毒品人口到驗情形。
本研究建議：(1)應修法增加定期採驗尿液之次數；(2)警政機關內部之績效評核方式應修正改善；(3)加強警政承辦人的教育訓練，包含形塑執行態度與加強諮商、輔導技巧；(4)將採驗尿液制度納入「毒品危害防制中心」共同規劃辦理項目之一；(5)毒品人口個別化處遇措施可先運用現有資源；(6)強化家人支持功能等。

關鍵字

警察機關採驗尿液制度 ； 毒品人口 ； 防制(吸毒)再犯 ； 德菲法

並列摘要

The Statute for Narcotics Hazard Control and relevant legislations in Taiwan has regulated that ex-abusers must test urine regularly in the police organizations after leaving the institutions. The legislation also authorizes the police to visit ex-abusers and implement urine test if doubts are raised.
This study aims to explore and investigate the following questions: the effectiveness of urine testing system in the police organizations, the comprehensiveness of current regulations, the partnership of relevant public sectors on the process of reintegrating the ex-abusers into society, and the opinion of the ex-abusers under regulations. I, first of all, adopted the Delphi method and conducted three rounds questionnaire survey to 20 experts. The descriptive statistics of expert questionnaires show high consensus among the key informants. Secondly, I conducted face-to-face interviews with five ex-abusers under regulations. The qualitative data of in-depth interviews are analyzed and interpreted according to the principles of grounded theory. Finally, I surveyed the police officers in charge of urine testing practice in Taipei City Police Department in order to cross-examine the content of the interviews with ex-abusers.
The similarities and differences of above data from different sources are then compared, discussed and integrated into following conclusions. First, the current urine testing system has been considered effective to some extent. Second, it is generally agreed that the effectiveness will be enhanced if increasing the frequency of urine testing. Third, there is a need to develop individualized treatment strategy for drug offenders. Fourth, the process of ex-abusers’ restoration and rehabilitation acquires other public sectors work side by side with the police. Fifth, families are significant factors influencing the refraining process of former drug addicts. Sixth, the police often feel stressful under current performance indicators and might involve in misconduct in order to meet performance requirement. Seventh, the report rate of ex-abusers is influenced by the attitude and practice of police officers in charge.
A few suggestions are proposed as follows: First, it is suggested that an amendment of current legislation issued to increase the frequency of urine testing. Second, there is a need to discuss existing performance system in the police organizations. Third, a more comprehensive pre-training package, including courses such as the basic principle, attitude and interpersonal skills for implementers, is needed in order to improve the current practice. Fourth, this study suggests that urine testing system and practice should not be separated from the current policy and practice of local ‘Narcotics Hazard Control Centers’. Fifth, the development of individualized treatment strategy would benefit from existing resources and infrastructure. Finally, all the above suggestions should be considered along with more emphasis on the support system of ex-abusers’ family.

並列關鍵字

urine testing system ； police organizations ； drug abusers ； recidivism prevention ； the Delphi method

參考文獻

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