臺灣產業政策發展之政策工具觀點：以積體電路產業為例

The Analysis of Taiwan's Integrated Circuits Industrial Policy：Policy Tool Approach

陳筱婷(Hsiao-Ting Chen)

指導教授 ： 陳恆鈞

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本文係以台灣積體電路產業為研究個案，從政策工具的觀點切入，探討過去積體電路產業政策的變化歷程，以及未來產業政策的發展趨勢。在無法逃避未來的挑戰之下，釐清過去至今的政策工具使用歷程，了解在積體電路產業中，政策工具使用的變化，以利未來政策的制定，是本研究的研究動機。在瀏覽文獻、期刊以後，本研究發現研究積體電路產業政策多以單一政策措施、產品技術進展作分析，或是文獻資料的歸納整理，本研究的研究目的是希望能以其發展歷程為基礎，在確立國家職能的影響、模擬政策工具變化模型後，更為詳細的分析積體電路產業政策工具的變化。首先，本文回顧國家職能的文獻理論，統整出三項國家職能較為注重的核心能力，在其影響下，定義政策工具的運用將受其影響而運作；再進一步分析過去相關之政策工具分類，跳脫平面的分類方式，以政策工具的特性作為歸納的依據，其中包含四項衡量要素：內部導向、外部導向、制度化使用、權宜性使用。據此配合模型中的條件予以濃縮定義，並加以操作化後，建構「台灣積體電路產業政策工具使用傾向」問卷；問卷結果加以分析後，再輔以訪談佐證分析之。
其次，研究方法上，本研究參閱與本個案相關之政府出版品、計畫報告，逐一整理台灣積體電路產業的發展歷程，以及政府所推行之重大產業政策，檢視、分析其中各個政策的特性。最後，再以問卷檢視積體電路產業廠商對於目前積體電路產業政策使用特性的感受，進行敘述性統計分析後，使用Amos軟體進行因素負荷量分析，了解各構面與其中個因素的重要性，並以問卷結果為基礎，訪問各方專家學者、政府代表、產業代表等，為其結果作出進一步的解釋、提供政策建議。而研究發現，目前「內部導向」的特性並沒有比「外部導向」的特性表現來得明顯；「制度化使用」的政策工具特性表現雖然較「權宜性使用」構面顯著，然而兩者皆有不可或缺的影響。對於未來產業環境的變動，各方對於「產業創新條例」對積體電路產業的影響幾乎皆持樂觀態度，認為在積體電路產業儼然是一成熟產業的情況下，只要配套措施安排得宜，持續致力於產業環境、產業相關法規的完備，應能使台灣的積體電路產業有永續、長遠的發展。

關鍵字

國家職能 ； 國家能力 ； 積體電路產業 ； 政策工具 ； 問卷調查

並列摘要

This article is about the case study of Taiwan’s Semiconductor Industry by the standpoint of policy instruments to explore the past to integrate the change process of the past IC industrial policy as well as the developmental trend of the future industrial policy. First, in this paper, the theoretical literature of state functions was reviewed, integratimg three core capabilities that the state capacity emphasizes more and under this influence, the applications of defining policy instruments will be affected to operate; further, the past related policy tool classification was analyzed according to the characteristics of policy instruments as induction, escaping the plane classification. Among them, four measuring elements were included: internal orientation, external orientation, iterative use, and structural use. Until now, the IC industry has entered the stage of the sustainability phase. In model simulation, it was considered that under the features of policy instrument use at this time, it was more obvious in the features of internal orientation and iterative use. Accordingly, the conditions in models were added to concentrate definition and operationalized, building the questionnaire of " the use trend of Taiwan IC industry policy instruments." After the questionnaire results were analyzed, interviews were also analyzed with evidence for supplementation.
Besides, in this study, government publications and project reports related to this case were as reference that the developmental process of Taiwan's IC industry and the significant industrial policy promoted by the government was reorganized individually, examining and analyzing the features of each policy among them. Finally, by the questionnaire, the thoughts of the IC industry manufacturers for the use properties of current IC industrial policies, and based on the questionnaire results, experts in various fields, government representatives, and industry representatives were interviewed to further explain the results and provide policy recommendations. The study found that the performance features of the current "internal orientation" were not more obvious than those of the current "external-orientation"; and, even though the performance features of the "structural use" policy instruments were more obvious than those of the "iterative use" dimension, both had indispensible influence. In terms of changes of future industrial environments, experts in various fields were all almost optimistic for the influence of the "Industrial Innovation Act" on the IC industry and it was considered that under the condition of the IC industry being obviously a mature industry, as long as supporting measures are arranged properly and the relevant departments continue devoting to making the industrial environment and related laws perfect, Taiwan's IC industry should be developed continually and permanently.

並列關鍵字

state capacity ； policy instrument ； policy tool ； Integrated circuit industry ； amos

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