- 學位論文
利用水生植物淨化畜牧廢水之研究
Study on Treatment of Livestock Wastewater by Aquatic Plants
摘要
國內畜牧廢水之產生源大多為養豬場及養牛場，由於台灣地區之豬舍及牛舍，大部分為水泥地面，為了維護畜牧場的衛生及牛隻與豬隻的健康，管理人員習慣以大量的水沖洗畜舍，因而產生了相當大量的廢水。經農委會多年輔導，目前飼養規模200頭以上的養豬場，98%以上都已設置廢水處理設施，且其中有很大比例是採用農委會畜產試驗所所研發的三段式廢水處理系統，然而畜牧廢水經過處理後，出流水的營養鹽依舊偏高，若直接排出後，很容易造成水體的優養化。本研究主要利用水生植物淨化養殖場處理過的出流水，期能移除過多的氮磷營養鹽，降低承受水體優養化的生成潛勢；並選擇以耐污、生殖能力佳、淨化能力強、可供觀賞之水生植物為植種，期能於淨化廢水功用外，同時可開發為回收再利用及綠化之附加價值。 本研究在實驗室以畜牧出流廢水（未稀釋）養植水生植物，其中以金魚藻在整體的表現最佳，布袋蓮次之，水芙蓉再次之。金魚藻的適應性最強，淨化水質的功效也最佳；養植布袋蓮因畜牧廢水過高的導電度，導致存活時間不長（約7∼10天），但仍有不錯的淨水功效；水芙蓉則因枯葉易分解至水中，導致除污能力降低。氮鹽去除率金魚藻、布袋蓮及水芙蓉分別為99％、42％及4％；磷酸鹽去除率金魚藻、水芙蓉及布袋蓮分別為86％、81％及22％。 於畜牧廢水處理現場之「沈澱池」中養植布袋蓮，由曝氣池進流水至沈澱池後之出流水，磷酸鹽的去除率為30%、而氮鹽卻只有少幅度的削減。
並列摘要
Sources of domestic livestock wastewater in Taiwan generate mostly from pig farms and cattle farms. Since most pig houses and cattle houses in Taiwan have concrete floors, in order to maintain the sanitation of livestock farms and the health of pigs and cattle, the farm management often use a large amount of water to wash the animal houses, and thus generate a considerable amount of wastewater. With assistance from the Council of Agriculture over the years, 98% of the pig farms with 200 or more breeding have set up wastewater treatment facilities, and a large proportion of them use the three-stage wastewater treatment system developed by the Livestock Research Institute of the Council of Agriculture. However, the treated livestock wastewater still contains a large amount of nutrients. The waste water is very likely to cause the eutrophication of water bodies if it is discharged directly into the rivers or gutters. The main purpose of this study is to lower potential of eutrophication by using aquatic plants to purify treated waste water and to remove the excessive nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. Ornamental aquatic plants with strong stain endurance, great reproductive ability and strong purifying ability were chosen as the object plants to purify the waste water with development of added values such as recycling and greening. In this study, three aquatic plants were watered with effluent waste water of livestock in the laboratory. Ceratophyllum demersum has the best performance in all aspects, followed by water hyacinth and water lettuce in that order. Ceratophyllum demersum adapts the environment the best and also has the highest effectiveness of water purification.Due to the high conductivity, the survival time of water hyacinth is not long (about 7 to 10 days) , however, it still has good effectiveness of water purification.The decontamination capability of water lettuce is reduced because its leaves decompose easily in the water. The nitrogen removal rates of ceratophyllum demersum, water hyacinth and water lettuce are 99%, 42% and 4% respectively.The phosphate removal rates of ceratophyllum demersum, water lettuce and water hyacinth are 86%, 81% and 22%. Water hyacinth was planted in the sedimentation tank of the livestock wastewater treatment site. The removal rate of the effluent water in the sedimentation tank from the aeration tank is 30% for phosphate ,while there is only a small cut of nitrogen nutrients.