- 學位論文
花蓮港與成功港水體及底泥油品有機物污染分布之研究
Distribution of Organic Compounds of Oil Products in Water and Sediment of the Hualien and Chengkung Harbors
摘要
花蓮漁港與台東成功漁港為座落於本島東部的兩大主要漁港，近年來因國人對生活休閒品質不斷提升，花蓮漁港與成功漁港也由傳統漁業逐漸轉為一個休閒觀光的複合式港口，因此港區內船隻類型也相對較多樣化。經行政院農委會漁業署統計花蓮港於95年底各式船隻用量為390艘，成功漁港為372艘，由此可知港區作業船隻數量多油品使用量高，故港區內水域受油品污染風險相對提升。常見油品污染物除甲基第三丁基醚 methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE)與 BTEX 其為苯(benzene)、甲苯(toluene)、乙苯(ethylbenzene )及二甲苯(p-xylene、m-xylene、o-xylene)等易揮發性有機物。另外可能包含多環芳香烴Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)等有機物質，當這些相關油品污染物進入港區水體環境中，可能產生相關反應機制例如藉由擴散(Diffusion) 作用被吸附(Adsorption)至生物與底泥中或揮發(Vaporization)至大氣中，因此這些污染物對港區環境與人體均有可能造成負面影響。本研究目的為探討港區水域中油品有機物污染物在水體環境中分佈且進行分析討論，研究方法包括參考環保署公告之水質檢測方法總則，規劃採樣方法、採樣時間、採樣點設置等。實驗分析方法則依據 US EPA 524.2 與環檢所公告之 W785.54B。研究結果期望藉由這兩港區使用形態及船隻用量，進行分析評估比較，並推測其污染源，以助於污染源的控制與改善。研究結果顯示，揮發性污染物如甲苯(toluene)、乙苯(ethylbenzene)及各類二甲苯(m,p-xylene、o-xylene)等之最低濃度分別為 0.01 μg/L、0.02 μg/L、0.05 μg/L、0.01 μg/L。苯屬高揮發性有機物，在本兩港區採樣分析結果於目標深度均無法偵測得，但因部分採樣點於採樣時有油污飄浮，其最低濃度為0.21 μg/L。PAHs 經化學指紋鑑定中特徵比分析結果顯示，花蓮與成功港區內海水中PAHs主要污染為石化油品所造成，底泥部份花蓮港污染源為石化油品，成功港則是以油品燃燒為主軸。
並列摘要
There are two main harbors at Eastern Taiwan, which named Hualian harbor and Chengkung harbor. In the past few years, people had greatly advanced in the quality of life. These harbors gradually change from traditional fishery to tourist spots; the type and quantity of ship are more than before. There was a positive correlation with gasoline usage ratio, which was directly related to the risk of pollution. The common gasoline pollutant included volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE) 、benzene、toluene、ethylbenzene、p-xylene、m-xylene、o-xylene (BTEX) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The VOCs are atmospheric contaminants that are frequently determined in air, fresh water, effluents and soils. If the harbor area pollute by these organic compounds, the harbor area environment and human might have negative influence. The goal of this research is treats the organic compounds distributes in the harbor area and analysis. The research method including R.O.C EPA ,the plan of sampling method, the sampling time and the site of sampling. The experiment analyzes based on US EPA524.2 and R.O.C EPA W785.54B. The result of this research expected to find the source of pollution in these two harbors, and help to control and improve by data analysis. The result of this research showed that the volatile pollutant such as toluene、ethylbenzene and m, p-xylene, 、 o-xylene the lowest density respectively is 0.01 μg/L, 0.02 μg/L, 0.05 μg/L, 0.01 μg/L. The benzene is the high volatile organic compounds (HVOCs), is unable in this two port district sampling analysis result in the goal depth to detect, but because partial sampling points in sampling time has the greasy dirt to drift, its lowest density is 0.21 μg/L. PAHs decides the characteristic score after chemistry fingerprint to analyze the result demonstration , In Hualian and Chengkung harbor area, PAHs already pollute these area and the major pollutant is caused by Petroleum. In Hualian harbor, the source of pollution is Petroleum. In Chengkung harbor, the source of pollution is Combustion.